动词--ing形式作主语和宾语 概念引入 动词-ing形式,即在动词原形的词末加-ing的形式,是非谓动词的一种。在传统语法中动词-ing形式分成两部分:用法相当于名词的叫“动名词”,用法相当于形容词和副词的被称为“现在分词”。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。 1. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary. 2. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing? 3. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. 4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 句1动词-ing及其宾语和状语一起作句子的主语,句2中growing是动词try的宾语。这两个动词-ing形式都是动名词。句3中disturbing修饰problem,是定语,句4中using及其宾语一起作状语,说明句子的谓语“are producing harvests”的方式。这两个动词-ing形式都是现在分词。 注意:句4的producing与are一起构成现在进行时,是谓语形式,不属于本单元语法范畴。 用法讲解 动名词的结构 概述 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。 时态/语态 主动 被动 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. 动名词的否定结构 动名词的否定结构由“not+动名词”组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。 There is no denying the fact that he is diligent. 不能否认他很勤奋。 2. 动名词复合结构 通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语,与动名词一起构成动名词复合结构。这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 构成:物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my (me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。 动名词的时态和语态 1. 动名词的时态:一般式,完成式 (1) 动名词的一般式(doing)所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of gr ... ...
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