长江河口水位上升对流场和盐水入侵的影响
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941001
Influence of water level rise on currents and saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary
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摘要: 基于长江河口水动力和盐水入侵三维数值模式ECOM-si, 通过数值模拟分析长江河口水位上升对径流、潮流和风生流的影响, 以及在多种动力因子综合作用下对流场和盐水入侵的影响. 数值实验结果表明, 在长江河口水位上升30 cm 的情况下, 各河道横截面面积增大, 向海的径流流速减小; 潮流随水深增深略微增大; 枯季北风作用产生的北港进、南港出的水平风生环流加强, 在北支向陆的风生流有所加强. 水位上升后, 北支盐水入侵增强; 南支中段盐度变化不明显; 北港、北槽盐水入侵随水位增加变化最为显著, 小潮期间盐度增大值大于1, 大潮期间增幅有所降低, 北港北汊受水深增加盐水入侵变化最为强烈; 南槽口门处滩地由于水位增加, 非线性效应减弱, 盐度不同程度的降低. 水位上升后南支水源地三个水库取水口盐度均有所上升, 减少了可取水时间, 不利于供水安全.
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关键词:
- 长江河口 /
- 水位上升 /
- 流场 /
- 盐水入侵 /
- 数值实验
Abstract: A semi-implicit estuarine, coastal, and ocean model (ECOM-si) was used to simulate and analyze the influence of a rise in water level on runoff, tidal and wind-driven currents, and on current and saltwater intrusion under the combined effects of various dynamic factors. In a scenario where the water level rises 30 cm in the Changjiang Estuary, numerical simulation results show that seaward runoff decreases due to augmentation of the river transection area; tidal currents decrease slightly with increases in water depth; the wind-driven current by northerly winds in the dry season is enhanced, which flow landward in the North Channel and seaward in the South Channel forming horizontal circulation; and the wind-driven current in the North Branch is strengthened. After the water level rise, saltwater intrusion in the North Branch is enhanced; salinity changes slightly in the middle reaches of the South Branch; the most distinct areas of saltwater intrusion enhancement are in the North Channel and North Passage, where the salinity rise is greater than 1 in neap tide and is somewhat reduced in spring tide; the salinity rise in the northern outlet of the North Channel reaches the maximum value observed in the entire estuary; and salinity on the shoal at the river mouth of the South Passage reduces because the water level rises and the nonlinear effect weakens. The water level rise, moreover, results in a salinity increase at the water intake of the three reservoirs (Qingcaosha, Chenhang, and Dongfengxisha) in the water source of the South Branch, which reduces water intake time and affects the safety of the water supply.-
Key words:
- Changjiang Estuary /
- water level rise /
- current /
- saltwater intrusion /
- numerical experiment
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图 1 长江河口形势图
注: 黑点为水库取水口位置, 三角形为模式输出点
Fig. 1 Map of the Changjiang Estuary
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图 2 模型计算区域和网格(a), 及放大的南支分汊口区域网格(b)和南北槽分汊口区域网格(c)
Fig. 2 Model domain and grid (a), enlarged view of grid near the bifurcation of the South and North Branch (b) and near the bifurcation of the South and North passage (c)
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图 3 只有径流作用情况下水位上升前垂向平均流场分布(a)和水位上升后垂向平均流场变化(b)
Fig. 3 Distribution of vertically averaged currents before the water level rise (a) and the difference in vertically averaged currents between the results before and after the water level rise (b) under only the force of river discharge
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图 4 只有潮汐作用情况下在模式输出点S1(上)、S2(中) 和S3(下)流速和流向随时间变化
注: 红线为水位上升前, 黑线为水位上升后
Fig. 4 Temporal variations in current speed and direction at site S1 (upper panel), S2 (middle panel), and S3 (lower panel)
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图 5 只有风作用的情况下, 水位上升前流场垂向平均分布图(a)、水位上升后流场变化(b)
Fig. 5 Distribution of vertically averaged current before the water level rise (a) and the difference in vertically averaged current between the results before and after the water level rise (b) under only the force of wind
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图 6 水位上升后大潮期间涨潮垂向平均分布变化图(a)、落潮垂向平均分布变化图(b)
Fig. 6 Variation in the vertically averaged current after the elevation rise in flood (a) and ebb (b) during spring tides
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图 7 水位上升前大潮期间盐度垂向平均分布图(a)及水位上升后盐度变化(b)
Fig. 7 Distribution of the vertically averaged salinity before the water level rise (a) and the difference in vertically averaged salinity between the results before and after the water level rise (b) during spring tide
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图 8 水位上升后小潮期间涨潮垂向平均分布变化图(a)、落潮垂向平均分布变化图(b)
Fig. 8 Variation in the vertically averaged current after the elevation rise in flood (a) and ebb (b) during neap tides
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图 9 水位上升前小潮期间盐度垂向平均分布图(a)及水位上升后盐度变化(b)
Fig. 9 Distribution of the vertically averaged salinity before the water level rise (a) and the difference in vertically averaged salinity between the results before and after the water level rise (b) during neap tide
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图 10 东风西沙水库、陈行水库、青草沙水库取水口表层(左)和底层(右)盐度随时间的变化
注: 红色实线为水位上升前盐度, 黑色实线为水位上升后盐度; 灰色虚线为0.45饮用水标准
Fig. 10 Variation in salinity on the surface (right) and bottom (left) at the water intake of Dongfengxisha Reservoir, Chenhang Reservoir, and Qingcaosha Reservoir
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