A burst of something is a sudden short period of it.

If you burst into tears, laughter, or song, you suddenly begin to cry, laugh, or sing.

If you say that something bursts into a particular situation or state, you mean that it suddenly changes into that situation or state.

If someone bursts out laughing, crying, or making another noise, they suddenly start making that noise. You can also say that a noise bursts out.

If something bursts or if you burst it, it suddenly breaks open or splits open and the air or other substance inside it comes out.

If a dam bursts, or if something bursts it, it breaks apart because the force of the river is too great.

If a river bursts its banks, the water rises and goes on to the land.

When a door or lid bursts open, it opens very suddenly and violently because someone pushes it or there is great pressure behind it.

To burst into or out of a place means to enter or leave it suddenly with a lot of energy or force.

If you say that something bursts onto the scene, you mean that it suddenly starts or becomes active, usually after developing quietly for some time.