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Chapter 16 Section 10 and 11
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Factors Affecting Acid Strength
The more polar the H-X bond and/or the weaker the H-X bond, the more acidic the compound. So acidity increases from left to right across a row and from top to bottom down a group. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Factors Affecting Acid Strength
In oxyacids, in which an -OH is bonded to another atom, Y, the more electronegative Y is, the more acidic the acid. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Factors Affecting Acid Strength
For a series of oxyacids, acidity increases with the number of oxygens. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Factors Affecting Acid Strength
Resonance in the conjugate bases of carboxylic acids stabilizes the base and makes the conjugate acid more acidic. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Lewis Acids Lewis acids are defined as electron-pair acceptors.
Atoms with an empty valence orbital can be Lewis acids. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Lewis Bases Lewis bases are defined as electron-pair donors.
Anything that could be a Brønsted-Lowry base is a Lewis base. Lewis bases can interact with things other than protons, however. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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(a) AsH3, HI, NaH, H2O; (b) H2SO4, H2SeO3, H2SeO4.
Sample Exercise Predicting Relative Acidities from Composition and Structure Arrange the compounds in each of the following series in order of increasing acid strength: (a) AsH3, HI, NaH, H2O; (b) H2SO4, H2SeO3, H2SeO4. Solution (a) the order of increasing acidity is NaH < AsH3 < H2O < HI. (b) we predict the order of increasing acidity to be H2SeO3 < H2SeO4 < H2SO4.
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Sample Exercise 16.20 Predicting Relative Acidities from Composition and Structure
In each of the following pairs choose the compound that leads to the more acidic (or less basic) solution: HBr, HF PH3, H2S (c) HNO2, HNO3 (d) H2SO3, H2SeO3. Practice Exercise
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Answers: (a) HBr, (b) H2S, (c) HNO3, (d) H2SO3
Bases Sodium hydroxide Preferred IUPAC name Systematic name
Updates Assignment 05 is is due Monday, Mar. 05 (in class) Midterm 2 is Thurs., March 15 –Huggins 10, 7-8pm –For conflicts: ELL 221, 6-7pm (must arrange.
Acids and Bases Calculating Percent Ionization Percent Ionization = 100 In this example [H 3 O + ] eq = 4.2 10 −3 M [HCOOH] initial = 0.10 M [H 3 O.
1. Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases An Arrhenius acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydronium ion,
Acids and Bases Entry task: Feb 4 th Monday Sign off on Ch. 16 sec
Acids and Bases Chapter 16 Acids and Bases John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central.
SAMPLE EXERCISE Calculating Ka or Kb for a Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
Acids and Bases © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 16 Acids and Bases John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The.
Chapter 16 Acid–Base Equilibria Lecture Presentation Dr. Subhash C Goel South GA State College Douglas, GA © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 16 Acid–Base Equilibria
Acids and Bases Chapter 16 Acids and Bases John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central.
Chapter 16 Acids and Bases. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Some Definitions Arrhenius – An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the.
Acids and Bases Arrhenius ◦ Acid:Substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions. ◦ Base:Substance that, when dissolved.
Prentice Hall ©2004 Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases.
14.1 Intro to Acids and Bases 14.2 Acid Strength 14.3 pH Scale
Salts and Molecular Structure. Hydrated metal ions Charged metals ions also produce an acidic solution. The metal itself does not act as a Brønsted-Lowry.
Acids and Bases Chapter 15 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Acid Base Equilibrium CH 16. Some Definitions Arrhenius Acid:Substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions. Base:Substance.
Acids and Bases © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 16 Acids and Bases John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The.
Acids and Bases Chapter 16 Acids and Bases. Acids and Bases Some Definitions Arrhenius ________________:Substance that, when dissolved in water, increases.
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