12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilizations: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Presentation on theme: "12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilizations: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties."— Presentation transcript:

1 12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilizations: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties

2 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilizations
Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Era Tang Decline and the Rise of the Song Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age

3 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilizations

4 China During the Age of Division

5 Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Eras
Wendi Nobleman Leads nomadic leaders to control northern China 589, defeat of Chen kingdom Established Sui dynasty

6 China During the Era of Division, The Sui Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty

7 Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Eras
Sui Excesses and Collapse Yangdi Son of Wendi Legal reform Reorganized Confucian education Scholar-gentry reestablished Loyang New capital Building projects

8 Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Eras
Sui Excesses and Collapse Yangdi Canals built across empire Attacked Korea Defeated by Turks, 615 Assassinated, 618

9 The Emergence of the Tang and the Restoration of the Empire
Li Yuan, Duke of Tang Uses armies to unite China Extends borders to Afghanistan Use of Turks in army Empire into Tibet, Vietnam, Manchuria, Korea Great Wall repaired

10 Rebuilding the Bureaucracy
Unity Aristocracy weakened Confucian ideology revised Scholar-gentry elite reestablished Bureaucracy Bureau of Censors

11 The Growing Importance of the Examination System
Ministry of Rites Birth, connections important for office

12 State and Religion in the Tang and Song Eras
Confucianism and Buddhism potential rivals Buddhism had been central Mahayana Buddhism popular in era of turmoil Chan (Zen) Buddhism common among elite

13 State and Religion in the Tang and Song Eras
Early Tang support Buddhism Empress Wu ( ) Endows monasteries Tried to make Buddhism the state religion 50,000 monasteries by c. 850

14 The Anti-Buddhist Backlash
Confucians in administration Support taxation of Buddhist monasteries Persecution under Emperor Wuzong ( ) Monasteries destroyed Lands redistributed Confucian emerges the central ideology

15 Tang Decline and the Rise of the Song
Emperor Xuanzong ( ) Height of Tang power Mistress, Yang Guifei Powerful Relatives gain power in government 755, revolt But leaders ineffectual Frontier peoples, governors benefit

16 The Founding of the Song Dynasty
907, last Tang emperor resigns Zhao Kuangyin (Taizu) 960, founds Song dynasty Liao dynasty, Manchura Khitan nomads Unconquered by Taizu Song unable to defeat northern nomads Song pay tribute to Liao

17 China During the Song Dynasty Era

18 China During the Southern Song Dynasty Era

19 Song Politics: Settling for Partial Restoration
Scholar-gentry patronized Given power over military

20 The Revival of Confucian Thought
Libraries established Old texts recovered Neo-confucians Stress on personal morality Zhu Xi Importance of philosophy in everyday life Hostility to foreign ideas Gender, class, age distinctions reinforced

21 Roots of Decline: Attempts at Reform
Khitan independence encourages others Tangut, Tibet Xi Xia Song pay tribute

22 Roots of Decline: Attempts at Reform
Wang Anshi Confucian scholar, chief minister Reforms Supported agricultural expansion Landlords, scholar-gentry taxed

23 Reaction and Disaster: The Flight to the South
1085, emperor supporting Wang Anshi dies Reforms reversed Jurchens defeat Liao 1115, found Jin kingdom Invade China Song flee south New capital at Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty ( )

24 Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age
Canal system Built to accommodate population shift Yangdi's Grand Canal Links North to South

25 A New Phase of Commercial Expansion
Silk routes reopened Greater contact with Buddhist, Islamic regions Sea trade Developed by late Tang, Song Junks

26 A New Phase of Commercial Expansion
Commerce expands Credit Deposit shops Flying money Urban growth Changan Tang capital 2 million

27 Expanding Agrarian Production and Life in the Country
New areas cultivated Canals help transport produce Aristocratic estates Divided among peasants Scholar-gentry replace aristocracy

28 Family and Society in the Tang-Song Era
Great continuity Marriage brokers Elite women have broader opportunities Empresses Wu, Wei Yang Guifei Divorce widely available

29 The Neo-Confucian Assertion of Male Dominance
Neo-Confucians reduce role of women Confinement Men allowed great freedom Men favored in inheritance, divorce Women not educated Foot binding

30 A Glorious Age: Invention and Artistic Creativity
Influence over neighbors Economy stimulated by advances in farming, finance Explosives Used by Song for armaments Compasses, abacus Bi Sheng Printing with moveable type

31 Scholarly Refinement and Artistic Accomplishment
Scholar-gentry key Change from Buddhist artists Secular scenes more common Li Bo Poet Nature a common theme in poetry, art

32 Global Connections: China’s World Role
An era of consolidation for China Few great changes Greater hold over neighboring peoples Strong economy Dissemination of Chinese technology