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English Phonetics and Phonology
Lecture A5 English Phonetics and Phonology
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What’s in A5? Textbook sections A5 and A6 are technical explorations of phonetics… …but for our purposes we will discuss (and be tested on) only the ‘Highlights’. The other content is useful (and interesting!) but the highlight slides will have BLUE titles.
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A5: Consonant Possibilities
How can we pronounce consonants? Consonants are usually referred to by brief descriptive labels stating 1) energy, 2) place of articulation and 3) manner of articulation However, we shall discuss energy of articulation last, since it’s the most complex.
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Place of articulation What does that mean? Where the sound is made…
Different languages use different places of articulation… …and languages other than English might have more! Example: French “r”
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Places of articulation
Usually there are one (sometimes two) places of articulation for a single consonant. One: ‘th’ unvoiced Two: ‘w’ (lips and velum used at the same time)
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Try this:
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Pg. 46 (full list of consonant labels)
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Manner of Articulation
Place of articulation = where Manner of articulation = how “How” in articulation involves stricture Narrowing vocal tract to affect air Three types: 1) Complete closure (block all air) 2) Close approximation (block some air… throat becomes narrow) 3) Open approximation (air moves freely, but vocal tract shape changes This creates resonance
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Resonance
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Active & Passive Articulators?
With manner of articulation… Active = organ that moves Passive = target (where the sound need to go to)
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Practice:
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Complete Closure Easy way to talk about this… “stop”
In other words… complete closure = air stops Two types of stops: Plosives (p, t, k, b, d, g) Affricates (ch…as in church and dg… as in judge)
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Nasals, Trills and taps These sounds are normally voiced in English.
Made using the ________. Trills… not common in Standard English Used in Spanish ‘rr’ Taps… one beat of a trill
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Sound Scottish Some varieties of Scottish (and Northern) English include a tap for the letter ‘r’.
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Fricatives (close approximation)
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Obstruent Obstruent = stops & fricatives Fricatives (f/v/th/s/z)
Stops (plosives…p/b/t/d/k/g), (affricates… ch/j) How to remember this? The term ‘obstruent’ comes from the vocabulary ‘obstruction’. Obstruction means to stop or get in the way Stops “stop” Fricatives “get in the way”
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Sonorant All other consonant sounds (and vowels) are sonorant.
Sonorant comes from the word sonorous (to make sound)
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Central approximants
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Try this:
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The r sound
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Lateral (approximant)
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Try this:
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Voicing
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Try this:
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Secondary articulation
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Know this!
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Labialisation
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Palatalisation
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Velarisation
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Glottalisation & Nasalisation
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End of A5
Normal Aspects of Articulation. Definitions Phonetics Phonology Articulatory phonetics Acoustic phonetics Speech perception Phonemic transcription Phonetic.
Phonetics.
Basic Phonology of English
Manner of Articulation An Animated and Narrated Glossary of Terms used in Linguistics presents.
Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable (C) V (C) (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
Phonetics.
Today Parts of vocal tract used in producing consonants Articulatory Description of consonants Readings: it’s all about air!
Phonetics (Part 1) Dr. Ansa Hameed.
Speech Anatomy and Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Lecture 1 Preliminaries.
English Phonetics and Phonology Lesson 3B
Chapter 6 Features PHONOLOGY (Lane 335).
Introduction to Speech Production Lecture 1. Phonetics and Phonology Phonetics: The physical manifestation of language in sound waves. –How sounds are.
Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable (C) V (C) (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
1 Sounds: the building blocks of language CA461 Speech Processing 1 Lecture 2.
Chapter 2 Introduction to articulatory phonetics
The sounds of language Phonetics Chapter 4.
English Pronunciation Practice A Practical Course for Students of English By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture Guangdong University of.
Phonetics and Phonology
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