马兴田 不定式、动名词用作主语 动名词作主语 1 。直接作主语： （ 1 ）眼见为实。 （ 2 ）天天做早操有益于健康。 （ 3 ）吸烟不是好习惯。 1.Seeing is believing. 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health.

Presentation on theme: "马兴田 不定式、动名词用作主语 动名词作主语 1 。直接作主语： （ 1 ）眼见为实。 （ 2 ）天天做早操有益于健康。 （ 3 ）吸烟不是好习惯。 1.Seeing is believing. 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health."— Presentation transcript:

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2 马兴田

3 不定式、动名词用作主语 动名词作主语 1 。直接作主语： （ 1 ）眼见为实。 （ 2 ）天天做早操有益于健康。 （ 3 ）吸烟不是好习惯。 1.Seeing is believing. 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health 3.Smoking is not a good habit 2. 用 it 作形式主语，常与 no use,no good,useless, worthwhile 连用 （ 1 ）广说不做没用 （ 2 ）做无益的后悔没用 （ 3 ）吸烟太多无益 （ 4 ）学好英语是值得做的 1.It’s no use talking too much without doing anything doing anything 2.It’s useless crying over the spilt milk. 3.It’s no good smoking too much 4.It’s worthwhile learning English well.5

4 不定式作主语 1 。直接作主语 （ 1 ）眼见为实 （ 2 ）今天早晨做早操对身体无益 （ 3 ）在这里吸烟很危险 1.To see is to believe 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health. 3.To smoke here is dangerous 2 。用 it 作形式主语，有自己特定的句型 （ 1 ）你这么说真是太好了 （ 2 ）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了 （ 3 ）我们学好英语是必要的 （ 4 ）你们学好英语语法并不难 1.It is very kind of you to say so. 2.It’s very foolish of him to say such things 3.It is necessary for us to learn English well 4.It’s not difficult for you to learn well English grammar 3. 固定句型 （ 1 ）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业 （ 2 ）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？ 1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete his homework. 2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?

5 小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别 一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法 主语和表语对称 动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作 It takes sb some time to do sth It’s no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing … It’s kind/wise/clever… of sb to do sth It’s important/necessary/hard …for sb to do sth

6 Task: complete the following sentences 1.________________( 没有用 ) learning without practice 2.It’s no good ________________________________ （广说不做） 3.It’s necessary _____________________________( 我们学好英语） 4.It’ very kind ____________________________ （你帮助我） 5.How long __________________________ （你每天参加体育活动？） 6.Because of the heavy sand storm, ________________( 今天做晨练） is of no benefit to you. is of no benefit to you. Multiple choice 1. It is very generous _____ you to buy me such a nice gift A.of B. for C. to D. with 2. You are clever; it will be easy ____ you to work out the word puzzle A.of B. for C. to D. with 3.I think it no good _____ without doing anything. A, to play about B, play around C. playing about D. played around It’s no use talking too much without doing anything for us to learn English well of you to help me does it take you to do sport every day to do morning exercises today to do morning exercises today

7 不定式、动名词作宾语 一、句型转换 I think it no use… … doing sth I think it no use… … doing sth I feel it stupid of him to say such silly things to her I feel it stupid of him to say such silly things to her I find it uneasy for you to learn your subjects well without hard work I find it uneasy for you to learn your subjects well without hard work Can you tell me how many hours it took you to do your homework? Can you tell me how many hours it took you to do your homework? 二、 A 下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共 35 个多动词 Miss Rescall can enjoy five apples at dusk Miss Rescall ----miss, mind,risk,recall,resist Can ----can’t help, consider,can’t resist,complete,can’t stand (bear) Enjoy –enjoy escape,excuse,endure Five –finish,fancy feel like,favorite( 利于） imagine,include ---advise,avoid,appreciate,admit,allow- --- practise,postpone,pardon,prevent,put off dusk ---delay,understand, suggest,keep(deny 否认）

8 D. 下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话， (2HD3A4P, worst fem 各一 ) 巧记近 20 个多动词 afford,agree,attempt, decide,demand,expect,fail,help, hope,manage, offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise, refuse,seem, tend, wish B 以介词 to 结尾的常用短语 be/get used to,come to,devote oneself to, listen to,look forward to object to /get down to, prefer...to, pay attention to,refer to stick to C 特殊句型 1 spend (waste )...(in) doing 2 be busy (in)doing 3 have difficulty (trouble,fun,pleasure,a good,hard time )in doing 4 stop \prevent...(from )doing 5 There is \no use \no harm \no hurry...(in)doing sth

9 在 forget,remember,regret,want,need,require,try,stop,go on,mean 等动词后，可接不定式, 也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别 等动词后，可接不定式, 也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别。 1 forget,remember, regret +doing 动作已经发生 +to do 动作未发生 2 want,need,require + doing 表被动 = to be done 注： be worth doing = be worthy to be done 3 try doing 试着做 try to do 尽力做，想要做 4 stop doing 停止做某事， ( 先后是一件事 ). stop to do 停下来做某事,( 先后不是同一件事 ) stop to do 停下来做某事,( 先后不是同一件事 ) 5 go on doing 继续敌某事， ( 先后 是同一件事 ) go on to do 接下来做某事， ( 先后不是同一件事 ) go on to do 接下来做某事， ( 先后不是同一件事 ) 6 mean doing 意味着做某事 mean to do 故意或想要做某事 mean to do 故意或想要做某事 7 can’t help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事 can’t help (to) do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事 can’t help (to) do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事 8,only to do … 结果是 … （出乎预料）,only doing… 结果是 … ( 必然是 …),only doing… 结果是 … ( 必然是 …) E.注意下列11种不同动词或句型的用法

10 9 prefer to do… rather than do … 宁愿 … 而不 … 9 prefer to do… rather than do … 宁愿 … 而不 … prefer doing …to doing … prefer doing …to doing … would rather do … than do … would rather do … than do … would do … rather than do … would do … rather than do … 10 have nothing to do /do nothing but/except do … 只好做（别无选择） enjoy doing nothing but doing … 只喜欢做 … enjoy doing nothing but doing … 只喜欢做 … want nothing but to do … 只想做 … want nothing but to do … 只想做 … 11 在 begin,start,continue 等词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名 词作宾语，意义区别不大. 但要注意 1 ）本身是 -ing 形式时，其后要接不定式 2 ）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词 3 ）主语是物多用不定式 4 ）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用 v-ing 形式 know, realize, hate, love, understand, wonder, remember, forget

11 Task: complete the following sentences 1.Do you remember ___________________ （以前见过这个人吗） ? 2.He denied _______________________ （冤枉了他的父母） 3.She regreted ______________________( 在会上给领导提了意见）. 4.Don’t waste time ___________________( 劝他戒烟） 5.I would rather stay at home _______________( 也不出去玩） 6.Do you think it necessary _________________( 我们学好英语）？ 7.How long did it take you __________________( 写完作文）？ 8.He has done nothing but __________________ （玩了一整天）. 9.On hearing the news, Tom _________________( 抑制不住哭了）. 10.Little Sophia went the theater, only _________( 被告知演出结束了） seeing the man before doing wrong to their parents putting forward the suggestion to their leader … advising him to give up smoking than go out to play for us to learn English well to finished writing your composition play all day long couldn’t help crying to be told that the performance had been over Multiple choice 1. Would you mind ______ the door? A.open B, opening C, to open D, opened 2.“So much for the new words and expressions; let’s go on _______ the text.” the teacher said with a smile. A.to talk about B, talking about C, to be talking D, talk about 3.I’m sorry, but I’ve forgotten ________my homework with me. A, to bring B, to be bring C, bringing D, brought

12 4.This room needs _______. It’s too shabby. A.paint B. painting C. to pain D. painted 5.Have you considered ______ to improve your spoken English? A.practising listening and speakingB, practising to listen and speak C.to practise listening and speaking D. to practise to listen and speak 6. At the age of 18 he began _______ the importance of knowledge. A.understand B. understanding C. understood D. to understand 7. In the old days, many people couldn’t afford ____their children to School. A. sent B, sending C, to send D send 8. --- ---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. --- ---What do you suppose ________to her? --- ---What do you suppose ________to her? A.was happening B, to happen C, has happened D. having happened 9.We all appreciate ____ ____ whenever you have time. A.Jane drop in B,Jane’s dropping in C,Jane to drop in D.Jane drops in 10. Have you got used _________ in Harbin? A.to living B, to live C, living D, to be living 11. Nobody is willing to go to a party without ___________. A. asking B, to be asked C, being asked D, having asked 4,B; 5,A;6,D;7,C;8,C;9,B;10,C;11,C

13 非谓语动词作表语 动名词作表语 动名词作表语 1 对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词 Seeing is believing 2 动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换） My job is teaching you English \ Teaching you English is my job. 不定式作表语 : 不定式作表语 : (1) 计划，趋势将要做的 she is to get married next week. (2) 责任，义务必须做的 I’m to see you off at the airport tomorrow (3) 祁使, 命令不得不做的 You’re to stand here,do you understand. (4) 命运安排, 注定做的 Disney met the mouse and he was to becomea famous artist. Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist. 分词作表语表示主语的特点特征. 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表 示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成 The book is interesting and the students are moved. He is come. The quests are gone. The leaves are fallen.

14 非谓语动词作定语 动名词作定语 表示被修饰词用途 drinking water ==the water that is (used )for drinking drinking water, living room,sitting room,washing powder 分词作定语， 分词作定语， 表被修饰词的特点、特征. 单个分词作定语前置，分词 短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 boiling water =the water that is boiling. fallen leaves, boiled water sleeping child =the child who is asleep a moving film, a moved girl There was a surprised look on her face at the news. 动词不定式作定 动词不定式作定 1. 后置，表示将来 In the years to come, we will study harder and harder. This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.

15 2. 当特定的谓语动词 ( 有, 需要, 给, 找, 弄 have, need, want, give, find, get) 后的名词 ( 或宾语 ) 用不定式来修饰. 1. I have a lot of work to do. 2.I want to get something to read. 3.Do you need some water to drink? 4.Please give me a piece of paper to write on. 5.Let’s find a room to put those things in. 3. 当名词有特定的定语, 如形容词 \ 副词的最高级, 序数词及 next, only, right 等, 其后接不定式作定语 He is the first(student) to come and the last to leave. Where is the best place to meet ? We need the next room to hold corn. He is the only person to be fit for the job. 4 一些需要不定式作宾语的动词转化成的名词,agreement, attempt, 4. 一些需要不定式作宾语的动词转化成的名词,agreement, attempt, decision, need, promise, plan, wish 等, 常用不定式来修饰. There is no need to send for a doctor. 注 :(1) 不及物动词或特殊用法, 要加合适的介词. They need a house to live in. There are many model bikes to choose from.

16 Practise 1] The man _______________________(stand )over there now. 2] The man _______________________(stand)over there then. 3] The man _______________________(stand )over there yesterday. 4] The man _______________________(stand ) over there very often. 5] The man _______________________(stand )over there tomorrow. 5] The man _______________________(stand )over there tomorrow.. is standing was standing stoodstands will stand 1] The man ___________(stand )over there now is from America. 2] The man ___________(stand)over there then is from America. 3] The man ___________(stand )over there yesterday is from America. 4] The man __________(stand ) over there very often is from America. 5] The man __________(stand )over there tomorrow is from America 5] The man __________(stand )over there tomorrow is from America. is standing who is standing who was standing who stood who stands who will stand (whois) standing (who is) standing (who was) standing (who) stood - standing (who) stands - standing (who will) stand-to stand Fill in the blanks with verbs given in their proper forms Fill in the blanks with verbs given in their proper forms

17 Fill in the blanks with verbs given in their proper forms Fill in the blanks with verbs given in their proper forms 1, The building ______________(build )here now. 2, The building ______________(build )here then. 3, The building ______________(build )here last year. 4, The building ______________(build )here very often. 5, The building ______________(build)here already. 6, The building ______________(build)here next year. 1, The building ______________(build )here now is a school. 2, The building ______________(build )here then is a school. 3, The building ______________(build )here last year is a school. 4, The building ______________(build )here very often is a school 5, The building ______________(build)here already is a school. 6, The building ______________(build)here next year. is being built was being built was built is built has been built will be built which is being built which was being built which was built that is built that has been built that will be built (which is) being built (which was) being built (which was)built (that is) built (that has been) built (that will)to be built

18 Task: complete the following sentences 1. Do you know the girl _____________________ ( 名叫沙丽的）？ 2.Who is the woman _______________________( 站在柜台后的） 3.What is the house ______________( 在建的） used for? 4.We’ll move into the building ______________( 明年竣工的） 5.Her wish _____________ （当一名作家） will surely come true. 6.Where do you think is the best place __________( 放这个书架）？ 7.Can you get me ________________ （一些水喝） 8.Who is the right person _______________ （适合这项工作）？ 9.It’s fall already and you can see ___________( 地上有很多落叶） 10.Who is the boy ___________________ （经常在操场上踢足球）？ called/named Sally Standing behind the counter being built to be completed next year to be a writer to put the bookshelf some water to drink to be fit for the job many fallen leaves on the ground often playing football on the playground Multiple choice 1.At the sight of the stranger, there was a ____expression on her face A.Surprised B, surprising C, shocking D, angry 2.The supermarket______ is the biggest one in our city. A.having already been built B, hasing already been built C.being already built D, already built

19 非谓语动词作补语 一、带 to 的不定式作宾补 ( a bright pace foul 一次聪明的速度犯规 ) A 在 allow, ask, advise, beg, command, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, hate invite like order permit prefer remind tell urge want,wish 等动词后, 用带 to 的不定式作宾补 (1)I prefer you not to play all day long. (2)I’d like you to help me with my homework. (3) You’d better get more people to do the work. 二、表示见解 \ 看法的动词 + 宾语 + 带 to 的不定式 (to be doing/ to have done…). 具有这种用法的动词有 :believe, consider, declare, discover, feel, find,guess, imagine, judge, suppose, think, understand 1, We found the rumor true. 2, I consider him to have done wrong. 3, I always imagine me to be a millionaire. 4, I felt him to be a spy 三、 “ 短语动词 + 宾语 + 带 to 的不定式 ” 这类动词有 arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for 1.You can not count on Tom to help you. Chairman Mao called on us to serve the people heart and soul.

20 四省 to 的不定式作宾补：宾补省 to 记 11, 一感二听三使役 ; 四、省 to 的不定式作宾补：宾补省 to 记 11, 一感二听三使役 ; 五看一帮两均可, 被动该 to 不能弃. feel,hear,listen to,have,let,make,see,look at,notice,observe,watch,help We often see them play football; They are often seen to play football He was made to stand outside for two hours 分词短语作宾补 分词短语作宾补 一. 能带现在分词做宾补的动词有 : have,get,keep,set,send,leave, catch, hear,listen to,feel, see, find,look at,watch,observe,notice catch, hear,listen to,feel, see, find,look at,watch,observe,notice My father had only two men working for him Don’t have the horse running so fast,It’s dangerous. Have you noticed the boy passing across the street ? 过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补 二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有 make,have,get leave 及感官动词 see,watch,look at,find hear listen to,feel 等. 宾语与补语的关系是被动含义时，用过去分词作宾补 I was surprised to see so many people seated at the back of the class. I have never heard this song sung so sweetly You’d better get your bike repaired at once

21 Task: complete the following sentences 1.They required me __________________________( 不要泄漏秘密） 2.___________________ （我们劝他戒烟）,but he wouldn‘t. 3.We often go and see them __________________( 打篮球） 4.I discovered him ________________( 在说谎） 5.We found them _________________( 已经提前完成了任务） 6.They were made ____________________( 夜以继日地干活） 7.The two cheats _____________________( 让灯亮了一整夜） 8.The thief was caught ________________( 在商店里偷窃） 9.The gunshot sent the birds ________________( 四处飞去） 10.They are expected ______________________( 越来越努力学习） not to let out the secret We advised him to give up smoking play basketball to be telling lies to have completed their task ahead of time to work day and night had the lamps burning all night long stealing in a shop flying away in all the directions to study harder and harder Multiple choice 1.The missing boy was last seen __________ by the river. A.playing B, play C, played D, to play 2.Don’t have the horse ______ so fast; It’s dangerous. A, to run B, runs C, running D, ran 3.Tom had his pocket ______ on a bus this morning. A, pick B, to pick C, picking D, picked

22 4.People in the south often have their houses _______ bamboo. A.made of B, making of C, to be made of D, make of 5. People ____on the coast often have their houses ____by hurricanes A,living;damaging B, living;damaged C,lived,damaged D,live;damage 6.I will go back to our hometown. Do you have anything ______home? A.to take B, taking C, to be taken D, taken 7. Please come here; I have something important ______ you. A, telling B, to be told C, told D, to tell 8. Girls are not allowed ______ their fingernails red at school. A.painted B, painting C. to paint D, to be painted 9. You’d better get more people _____ the work immediately. A to do B, doing C do D, done 10. You’d better get the work ____ at once; It’s gong to rain. A to do B, doing C do D, done 11. Miss Sara, I _______ at the railway station. My boss is busy now. A am going to see you off B, to see you off C. am about to see you off D, must see you off 12.What he said got us ______ all the way. A. laughing B, laugh C,to laugh D, laughed

23 非谓语动词作状语 （ 1 ）不定式做状语，表示原因, 目的或结果。为了强调目的, 可与 in order to 或 so as to 连用。 1,I reached home only to find my old dog dead. 2, He got up early (in order)to catch the early bus. 3,To improve our English, we come here. 4, I’m so glad to see you. 5,They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had left. 注 : (1)“only + 不定式 ” 表示出乎预料的结果. He went to the seaside only to be drowned (2) 不定 式表结果常与下列结构连用. A, so + adj/ adv + as(not) to do … ( 如此 …… 以至于 ( 没） … ) I’m not so stupid as to do that. B, such + ( adj ) n + as (not)to do …( 如此 …… 以至于 ( 不 )… ) I’m not such a fool as to believe that. C, enough + n + to do… ( 足够 … … ) I don’t have enough money to buy a car. D, adj/adv + enough + to do … ( 足已到 / 能 … … ) The girl is old enough to go to school. E, too + adj / adv + to do … ( 太 … 以至于不能 …) I’m too tired to go any further.

24 分词作状语 分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式 ， 分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式 ，及独立成分。 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词 1, Hearing the news,he couldn’t help laughing. （时间） = 2, Given enough time,I can do it better （条件） = 3, Being ill,he didn’t go to school （原因） = 4, The glass fell to the ground,breaking into pieces. ( 结果） = 5, Our teacher came in,followed by many students ( 伴随） = 6, Judging from his accent, he is from America. 7, Generally speaking, one must be confident. when he heard the news, If I am given enough time, Because he was ill, so that it broke into pieces. and he was followed by many students

25 Task: complete the following sentences 1.He came into the room, ________________( 后面簇拥着许多学生） 2.His mother died, _____________________( 使他成为一个孤儿） 3.He went to the railway station, __________( 却得知火车已经开了） 4. I’m so glad ________________( 见到你）. Bye-by. 5.We got up early _______________________( 为了赶上早班车） 6. _________________( 从山顶上看）,the park looks more beautiful. 7._________________ （作为学生）， he always keeps a civil tongue. 8._________________( 因为残疾）， Tom cannot move around. 9.He is so lazy ____________________( 以至于考试没有及格） 10.She is old enough ______________ （结婚） 11.You can never be too careful ______________ （做工作） 12.She is too clever _____________________( 不会不理解你的话） 13.One is never too old _________________ ( 而不能学习） 14.I am but too happy ___________________( 被邀请参加你的聚会） 15._________________( 从口音上判断 ), you’re a Harbinese 16.I’m not such a fool __________________( 会相信你的鬼话） 17.He went to help the old man, _________________( 却被关进监狱） followed by many students leaving him an orphan only to told that the train had left to have seen you so as to catch the early bus Seen from top of the hill Being a student, Being disabled, as not to pass the exam to get married to do your work not to understand you to learn to be invited to your birthday party Judging from his accent as to believe your nonsense only to be put into prison

26 非谓语动词的时态、语态 主动语态 时态． 不定式 动名词 分词 时态． 不定式 动名词 分词 一般时 to do doing doing 一般时 to do doing doing 进行时 to be doing 进行时 to be doing 完成时 to have done having done having done 完成时 to have done having done having done 被动语态 被动语态 一般时 to be done being done done 一般时 to be done being done done 进行时 being done 进行时 being done 完成时 to have been done having been done having been done 完成时 to have been done having been done having been done

27 动名词时态、语态的用法 1. 动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作 ，（即是不明确过去，现在或 将来的动作 ）或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作 We are interested in climbing mountains I prefer singing to dancing 2 如果强调动名词的完成时，要用完成形式 I regret having taken her advice. He was praised for having passed the exam. 3 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词的承受者，这个动名词要 用被动形式 He entered the room without being seen He entered the room without being seen He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child 4 如果动名词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式 He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet. Tom regretted not having been invited to the party.

28 不定式时态、语态的用法 1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态 He wanted to see you He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态 When I came in,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时 He is said to have written a novel. I’m so glad to have seen you. The ground is so wet,It must have rained last night 不定式被动语态的用法. A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态 She asked to be sent to work in Tibet ( 宾语 ) The book is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here ( 主 语 )

29 B. 句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被 动关系，也还要用主动语态 1, Give him some book to read \Do you have any clothes to wash ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy \difficult \hard \pleasant \interesting \exciting \ comfortable +to do This question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let \The manager is to blame.\The reason is not far to seek. 4There be 句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同 There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now ) 现在没事干 There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now ) 现在没什 么办法 There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing ) 没有东西值得看 There is nothing to be seen 看不见有什么东西

30 分词时态、语态的用法 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 Not having finished his homework,Tom was made to stay at school. Having closed all the windows,I went home Having been invited to the party,Tom was very happy. 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关 系时被动的，要用被动语态 1.Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. 3.The teacher came in, _______many students.(follow) 4.The teacher came in, _______by many students.(follow) following followed 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。 1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance.

31 Task: complete the following sentences 1.“ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗） ?the maid asked. 2.________________( 没有完成作业 ),Tom was forbidden to watch TV. 3.________________( 正在刷油漆 ), the house was not allowed to enter. 4.________________( 被邀请参加舞会 ), Mary felt excited. 5.The difficult maths problem ____________________( 很难算出）. 6.She was angry for __________________( 没有被邀请） to the ball. 7.The thief stole into the store_________________( 没人看到） 8.The flat _________________( 出租） 9.The man who was on duty that day _________________( 应受谴责） 10.They were proud of ____________________( 被派往西藏去工作） 11.When the teacher came in, Tom _________________( 假装再看书） 12.Ni Ping is said ____________________( 写了一本名叫 “ 日子 ” 的书） 13.Song Dandan is said _______________( 在写一本叫 “ 月子 ” 的书） 14._________________( 从窗户往外看 ), I can see many tall buildings. 15._________________( 从山顶往下看 ), the city looks more beautiful. 16._________________( 他有很多活要干）.Don’t bother him. 17._________________( 他有很多活要干 ) and you can go,too. Do you have any clothes to be washed Not having finished his homework, Being painted Not having been invited to the ball, is difficult to work out not having been invited without being seen is to let is to blame having been sent to work in Tibet pretended to be reading to have written a book called “The Days” to be writing a book named “ The Months” Looking out of the window, Seen from top of the hill, He has a lot of work to do He has a lot of work to be done

32 不定式的省略 省 to 不定式的固定句型 一．省 to 不定式的固定句型 1, had better (not) do… you had better stay at home 2,would rather do...than do… I’d rather stay at home than go out 3, prefer to do...rather than do… I’d prefer to die rather than steal 4, cannot but do 不得不 … 必然 … He cannot but agree. 5, cannot help but do... 不得不 … Eg:I could not help but realize that I was wrong 我这才意识到我错了。 6,do nothing but do...\nothing to do but/except do 只能 ，只有 Eg:I had nothing to do but wait there. 7,why (not )do... Why not ask your teacher for help ? 8, 当主语部分有 do ，则表语可省 to Eg:What I want to do is run a school =His wish is to run a school 9, 当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带 to 外 其余的不加。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. 注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加 to To try and fail is better than not to try at all.

33 二、不省 “to” 的情况 (1) 在 used to \be going to \mean to \ought to \plan to\try to\would like to \would love to \hope to \want to 下列句子中， to 通常都得留 Eg:He doesn’t get up early,but he used to –can you work out this maths problem ? --I’ll try to (2) 在 be +adj ( 如： glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready ）等 此后保留 to Eg ： ---Would you like to join us in the game? --- I’d love to 3. 在 ask, advise, allow, permit, persuade, tell, wish 等词的复合结构 中 to 通常保留 Eg:Do the experiment as your teacher tells you to 4. 不定式的否定形式后保留 to Eg:He wanted to quiz school and I advised him not to 注： to 后若是主动词 have 或 be 时，必须保留。 Eg:---Sorry, I didn’t finished doing my home work. ---You ought to have ---You ought to have Our school is no longer what it used to be

34 Wh-+to do 结构 1 作主语 When to start \How to go there \Where to go \Who to do it has not been decided. 2 宾语。在 discover,find out,know,see,show,understand 等动词后， 不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用 wh--+to 结构 ，在下列词中也带这 种结构, decide,learn,remember,forget,wonder I don’t know when to start who to do it \how to do it\ where to go \whether to do it I don’t know when to start who to do it \how to do it\ where to go \whether to do it 3 表语 The problem is when to start it \who to do it \how to go there \where to go 4 状语。 She was at a loss (as to )what to do 她不知如何是好 5 同位语： I have no idea which one to take 我不知道该拿哪个 注： why (not) do …

35 Task: complete the following sentences 1.__________________( 什么时候动身） is still undecided. 2.The problem is ________________________( 去哪）？ 3.I don’t know _________________________( 选择哪一个） 4.Do you understand ____________________( 如何操纵这台电脑） ? 5.______________________( 谁适合这项工作 ) is still unknown. 6.I have no idea ____________________________( 为什么不去北京） 7. You’d better _______________________( 不要忘记过去） 8.I would rather starve to death ___________________( 也不去乞讨） 9. _____________( 我宁愿考试不及格） rather than cheat in the exam 10. No one supported me at the meeting, so _________( 我只得放弃） 11.What I want to do is ____________________( 帮你提高英语） 12.I could do nothing in the world _________ （只能在词在等一小时） 13.------Would you like to come to my birthday party? --- ---________________( 我很想去）， but I’m too busy. --- ---________________( 我很想去）， but I’m too busy. 14. Our school _______________________( 已不是以前的老样子了） 15.My hometown _____________________( 还是以前的老样子） 16.He attempted to quiz his job and ___________( 我们都劝他不要） When to start off where to go which one to choose how to run the computer Who to be fit for the job why not go to Beijing. not forget the past rather than go begging I’d rather fail to pass I cannot but give up help you improve your English but wait here for another hour I’d love to is no longer what it used to be is what is was before we all advised him not to

36 非谓语动词的复合结构 一．不定式的复合结构 for sb to do sth 1 作主语 : It’s easy for us to remember a few new words 2 作宾语 : I find it impossible for Tom to pass the exam. 3 作表语 : This is for you to decide 4 定语 : I have a lot of work for you to do 5 状语 : The box is too heavy for me to take 二、分词的复合结构 ( 词 / 代词（主格） + 分词 ) 二、分词的复合结构 ( 词 / 代词（主格） + 分词 ) 在句中多用来作状语 He fell to the ground,nose bleeding He came into the room,hair tied back. 三、动名词的复合结构（名词或代词的所有格 + doing) 1 作主语 : Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry It’s no use your telling me not to worry 2 作宾语 : Mother insisted on my brother’s going to college Would you mind my opening the door? 注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名词也可不用所有格 3 作表语 :What is troubling us is their not having enough money

37 With 结构 With + 名词或代词（宾格） + 名词（短语） + 不定式（短语） + 不定式（短语） + 现在分词（短语） + 现在分词（短语） + 过去分词（短语） + 过去分词（短语） + 介词短语 + 介词短语 + 形容词（短语） + 形容词（短语） + 副词（短语） + 副词（短语） He came into the room with Tom and Jane his classmates with a lot of work to do with a lot of work to do with his nose bleeding. with his nose bleeding. with his hair tied at the back. with his hair tied at the back. with a pair of sun glasses on his nose. with a pair of sun glasses on his nose. with his face red with cold with his face red with cold with nothing on. with nothing on. Do you know the boy … …?

38 分词和不定式的独立成分 分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语） 分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语） strictly speaking,generally speaking,frankly speaking,judging by From ， broadly speaking talking of, considering, supposing Taking …into consideration, Strictly speaking ， this sentence is wrong. Judging by the facts, Tom told us the truth. The house cost him, roughly speaking, 200,000 dollars 不定式或不定式短语作独立成份（状语或插入语） to tell (you )the truth, to be, honest, to be frank, to be exact, to be brief to begin with, to start with, to do him justice ( 说句对他公道的话） To tell you the truth, I do want to learn English well. To be frank, you have probably done wrong to her. To do him justice, he is quite fit for the job.

39 Task: complete the following sentences 1.___________________( 马丽迟到了） made her teacher quite angry. 2.___________________( 时间允许）, I’ll go with you to the park. 3. It’s easy _____________________( 我们学好英语） 4. I find it impossible____________________( 汤姆按时完成作业）. 5.This is_____________________( 有你来告诉汤姆） 6.I have many letters ______________( 要珍妮来写） 7.The box is too heavy______________( 我抬不起来） 8.________________( 跟你说实话吧）, I don’t like English 9.________________( 严格地讲）, this sentence is wrong. 10._______________( 说句对他公道的话）, he is not to blame 11._______________( 考虑到他的能力）， he did the work fairly well. 12._____________( 绿色信号灯给过后 ), cars and buses began to move. 13.He climbed over the fence, ___________________( 手里拿着刀）. 14.He went to the post office ____________________( 要买几张邮票） 15.He went out of the post office ________________( 买了几张邮票） 16.Tom came into the room, ____________________( 手被绑在背后） Mary’s coming late to school Time permitting, for us to learn English well for Tom to complete his homework in tim. for you to tell Tom for Jane to write for me to carry To tell you the truth Strictly speaking, To do him justice Take his ability into consideration, Green signals given, sword in hand with a few stamps to buy with a few stamps bought hands tied at the back

40 Task:change the following sentences into simple ones. 1.Since I don’t know her address, I can’t get in touch with her. 2. We have come here in order that we can improve our English. 3. They came into the room and they were singing and dancing. 4. When she heard the news, she couldn’t help laughing. 5. After he closed the windows, he went home. 6. When we had finished the work, we went out to play. 7. After the signals were given, cars and buses began to move. 8. If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing. Not knowing her address, To improve our English, we have come here. They came into the room, singing and dancing. Hearing the news, she… … Having closed the windows, Having closed the windows, … … Having finished the work, we Having finished the work, we … … Signals given Signals given, … … Weather permitting Weather permitting, … …

41 1.He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. 2. That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry. 3. Mother insisted that my brother should go to college. 4. The stone is so heavy that I can not lift it. 5. Tom is so old that he can certainly get married. 6. You are not so old that you can’t work. 7.Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me. 8. Young as he is, he knows a lot. Task:change the following sentences into simple ones. He got up early so as to catch the early bus. Sam’s coming to school late made his teacher quite angry Mother insisted on my brother’s going to college The stone is too heavy for me to lift Tom is old enough to get married. You are not so old as not to work Having been told several times Having been told several times, … … Being young, he knows a lot.

42 达标测试 50 题 1.Because of my poor English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself ______. A.understand B, understood C. to understand D. understanding 2.Would you be so kind ______ me with the suitcases? A.as help to B, to help C, as to help D. as kind as to 3.This book cannot help _______ the question A, to understand B, understanding C, understood D, to understanding 4.This book is ______. A.worth to be read B, worth being read C, worthy reading D, worthy of being read 5.The squirrel was lucky enough to miss ________. A.being caught B, catching C. to be caught D. caught 6.He was disappointed to find his suggestions _________. A.being turned down B, turned down B.C, to be turned down D. to turn down 7.I was surprised to see so many people ______at the back of the room A. seating B. to seat C. seat D. seated 1.B;2.C; 3.A; 4.D; 5.A; 6.B; 7.D

43 8.I’ll never regret _____even if it might upset me. A.telling him what I thought B, to tell him what I thought C.to have told him that I thought D. telling what I thought 9.Do you know the man _______ under that big tree? A.lying B, laying C. lain D. lay 10.There was a terrible noise ________the sudden burst of light. A.followed B. to follow C. to be followed D. following 11.Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job. A.not so as to B. so not as to C. so as not to D. so as to not 12.I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic in five days. A.sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 13.Chenqi was made _____ in the countryside as a punishment. A, living B, live C, to live D. to be washing 14._______ a reply, he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B. Receiving C. Not having received D. Having not received 15.“There seemed to be no point ____English well for being disabled” Tom thought. A. learn B. in learning C. with learning D. to learn 8,A; 9,A; 10,D; 11,C; 12.B;13.C;14,C;15,B;

44 16._____reading and listening, and you’ll better your spoken English. A.Practise B. To practise C. Practising D. Having practised 17._____some of this juice, perhaps you’ll like it A.Trying B, Try C, To try D. Have tried 18._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 19._____people’s housing conditions, the government has done a lot. A.To improving B. Change C. To make better D. Doing better 20._____the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer A.Your having read B. While reading C. If reading D.When you read 21._____at the door before entering please. A.Knock B. Knocking C. To knock D. Kocked 22._____late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A.To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 23._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the famous universities in the US. A.As founded B, Being founded C. It was founded D. Founded 24._____such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A, Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D.Suffered 16,A;17,B;18,C;19,C;20,D;21,A;22,A;23,D;24,A

45 25.The discovery of new evidence led to _______ A.the thief having caught B. catch the thief C.the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 26.Peter sat under a tree and seeing his teacher, _____up in no time. A.standing B. stood C, stand D. was standing 27.The professor dipped a finger into the mixture, took it out and then sucked it, ______ rather pleased. A.looked B, to look C. looking D. having looked 28.The student ______ in the front roll listened attentively. A, seat B, to seat C, seating D, seated 29.The old worker,____in the factory for 20 years, retired yesterday A, having worked B, had worked C. worked D. to have worked 30. The modern building ______ will be used as a city library. A.having already completed B. already completed C.having been already completed C. being completing 31.The bird flu is believed ________ by fowls. A.to be infected B. infecting C. to infect D. having infected 25,C;26,B;27,C;28,D;29,A;30,B;31,A

46 32.I couldn’t do my work with all that noise ___________. A.going on B. went on C. goes on D. to go on 33. They are going to get through another hard year with so many difficulties_______. A.settled B, to be settling C. to settle D. to have settled 34.______comfortably in his armchair, the old man enjoyed the light music from the radio with his eyes half ______. A.Seating,closed B. Seated, closed C. Sitting, closing D. sat, closed 35.I glanced over at her, _____ that she was very tiny but seemed well put together. A. noticing B. noticed C. having noticed D. to notice 36.You should understand the traffic rules by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough. A.explaining B. explain C. to be explained D. explained 37.I really can’t understand _______ her lie that. A.you treat B. you treating C. why treat D. you to treat 38.I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A.to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 32,A;33,C;34,B;35,A;36.D;37,B;38,A

47 39.Unless _____ to speak, you should remain silence at the conference A.invited B. inviting C. being inviting D. having invited 40.When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A.completed B, to be completed C. being completed D. completing 41.Though ____money, his parents managed to send him to college. A.lack B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked 42._______ to the sun for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed 43.Friendship is like money, easier made than ________. A.kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept 44.Having been attacked by terrorists,________. A.doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning was given to tourists 45.While watching TV, _______. A.The door bell rang B. we heard the door bell rings C. We heard the door bell ring D. the door bell rings 39,A;40,A;41,C;42,B;43,A;44,B;45,C