动词不定式的基本形式 not to do to be done to have done to do to be doing 动词不定式

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1 动词不定式的基本形式 not to do to be done to have done to do to be doing 动词不定式
否定形式 被动形式 进行时 完成时 to do not to do to be done to be doing to have done

2 It’s +n.(adj.)+ for(of) sb. +to do sth.
作主语: To obey law is everyone’s duty. To do such things is foolish. 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数，为了平衡句子, 通常用it作形式主语,构成句型: It’s +n.(adj.)+ for(of) sb. +to do sth. To find out who stole the money is not easy. It’s not easy (for you )to find out who stole the money.

3 It is very kind of you to come here.
What fun it is to jump into a poor or lake in summer! How long did it take you to finish the work? 如果要表示不定式动作的执行者,要在不定式短语前加上一个for sb.的短语，语法上称为不定式的复合结构. It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. It is very kind of you to come here. It is foolish of him to do such a thing. It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.

4 作宾语 want, intend ,demand, hope, wish, expect; like,
在某些形容词如clever, good ,nice, kind ,foolish, careless, right, wrong, rude, impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加of短语,这是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。 作宾语 I’m preparing to take the examination next week. When the boy was only four, his father decided to make an artist of him. want, intend ,demand, hope, wish, expect; like, start, begin ,fail, help, offer, try, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, hate etc.

5 动名词作宾语 mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承认)，advise, appreciate=enjoy（欣赏）, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay（延迟）, imagine, include, keep, quit（离开）, resist(抵抗), risk（冒险）, understand, be used to, look forward to（期望）, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介词后接动名词doing

6 动词+疑问词+不定式 I don’t know what to do next.
不定式即可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语.不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是:疑问词+不定式作宾语. I’m worrying about what to do next. Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 动词+疑问词+不定式 I don’t know what to do next. We haven’t decide where to spend our holiday. 这类词有:tell, teach, show, advise, know, decide.

7 个别介词例外: do nothing but / except后的不定式不带to.
I could do nothing but wait until he came back. 需要注意的是,此句型中but/ except 前必须要有实义动词do时，but / except后的不定式to才能省略，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是： 　　　　　　　　有do无to，有 to无 do． She has no choice but to wait for the news. There was nothing she could do but cry. He had no choice but to wait. He could do nothing but wait.

8 作表语 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容 的do，用作表语的不定式省略to 用作表语的不定式一般表示主语的内容．
My wish is to become an engineer. Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. 不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语． 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容 的do，用作表语的不定式省略to All you have to do is (to )press the button. The only thing I can do is (to) give you as much help as I can.

9 做定语(常常表示将来的动作) 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后．
She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. Ladies and gentlemen ,I have something important to tell you . 当名词被the first ,the last以及the last, the only 等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式 作定语，而不管动作是否已完成． He is the only person to know the truth. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.

10 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词往往存在着两种逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语．
Alice is always the first student to come to school. (主谓关系) The teacher gave me some English books to read. (动宾关系) The meeting to take place here tomorrow is going to discuss the problem of pollution.(主谓关系) Mr. Brown has a large family to　support．　　(动宾关系)

11 当被修饰的名词或代词是不定式逻辑上的宾语，而该不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个介词以形成逻辑上的动宾关系．
Please pass me some paper to write on. There’s nothing for us to worry about. She has a nice pen to write with. He bought a flat for the family to live in.

12 作宾补 不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to “看”： see, look at, observe, watch, notice
I didn’t ask you to pay for the meal. They have warned us to be careful of rats. 不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to “看”： see, look at, observe, watch, notice “听”：hear, listen to “感觉”：feel 使役动词：have, make, let

13 但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.

14 需要注意have, make的用法：have, make 用做使役动词，表“让，使，允许”等意，其后的不定式作宾补时，才可省to．如果用作一般实义动词，have表示“有”，make表示“制造”，“做”等意义，且后面的不定式作目的状语，定语等时，不定式符号to不能省． I won’t have him cheat me.　　“允许” I have a lot of work to do.　　“有”　 His story made us laugh.　　“使” Father made a kite for his son to fly.　“做”

15 作状语（修饰动词，表示动作的目的，结果，原因或条件等）
He came here to attend an important meeting.　　　　(目的) He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.　（结果） She was very surprised to hear the news.（原因） I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(结果) 作结果状语用的不定式常表示一种意料之外的结果，（经常与only连用）

16 不定式用作结果状语时，还可以用: “so +adj./adv. +as to…”
Jim got up so early as to catch the first bus. “too+ adj./adv. + to…” The maths problem is too difficult for us to work out. “adj./adv./n. + enough + to … The boy is old enough to go to school.

17 在there be结构中，作定语用的不定式如修饰主语时，即使表示被动的意义，也可用主动式来表示．
There is a lot of work to do/to be done. Hurry up! There’s no time to lose/to be lost. There are three letters to answer/to be answered this morning. 不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前． I’m glad to have seen your father. She seemed to have heard of it already. So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms.

18 主动形式表被动意义的不定式 主语＋be +adj. +to do
E.g.: The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with. 主语＋be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult ,easy, comfortable ,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的) ,interesting, nice , heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.

19 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do
E.g.: The box is light enough to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do E.g.: The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on. 主语+be +too +adj. +to do

20 Last summer I took a course on____.
A how to make dresses B how dresses be made C how to be made dresses D how dresses to be made I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______in my new job. A expected B to expect C to be expecting D expects There are five pairs____, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing

21 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_____ it more difficult.
A not make B not to make C. not making D do not make I would love ___to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A to go B having gone C going D to have gone ____late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm. A To sleep B Sleeping C Sleep D Having slept

22 Tom kept quiet about the accident＿＿lose his job.
A so not as to B so as not to C so as to not D not so as to John was made ____the truck for a week as a punishment. A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing The light in the office is still on. A turning it off B turn it off C to turn it off D having turned it off

23 The patient was warned ___oily food after the operation.
A to eat not B eating not C not to eat D not eating It’s said that the Olympic Games ____in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A holding B to be held C held D to be holding Will you please tell me why you had no pen ___in class, Kate? A to have written B to be written with C to have been written D to write with

24 I find these problems are easy___.
A to be worked out B to work them out C to work out D to be worked them out Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,____ him a millionaire overnight. A making B makes C to make D made She can’t help ____the house because she’s busy making a cake. A to clean B cleaning C cleaned D being cleaned