EJ25 Engine

Information on the Subaru EJ25 Turbo engine.  The focus here will be on engines found in the WRX only.

General Information

Cylinders	4
Displacement	2457 cc / 149.9 ci
Firing Order	1,3,2,4
Cylinder Orientation	Boxer horizontally opposed Cyl 1 located on front right of engine from the drivers seat. 1+3 Right Hand 2+4 Left Hand

CAN

2006+ model vehicles use CAN bus for various devices throughout the vehicle. This can include the dashboard, ABS, and Body Control.  This is supported by the Haltech Elite ECU series.

Model Variants

There are two common variants of the EJ25T engine.

EJ255

WRX Models use what is known as the EJ255 Version 2

Direct Fire Ignition, DBW, 8.4:1 comp, AVCS Inlet Only

EJ257

Later models (2008+) have Dual AVCS (Variable intake and exhaust cams), early models 8.2:1 comp, later Dual AVCS models 8.7:1 comp

Sensor Information

Crank/Cam Sensor

This engines uses a Crank Position Sensor and a Cam Position Sensor. It uses a multi-missing tooth crank trigger with 36 teeth, and has one group of 2x missing tooth on one side, and opposite are 2x groups of 2x missing teeth separated by 1x tooth. This pattern is common to a number of other engines from other manufacturers and can be found on some Ford, Suzuki and Mazda engines.  It uses a Reluctor sensor.

The cam sensor pattern has 3x teeth 90-deg apart.  It could be considered as a 4 minus 1 pattern.

Crank Sensor

A Reluctor crank position sensor is used on all models.  This is located on the front of the motor near the crank pulley on all models

Reluctor Wiring

Pin	Description	Haltech Connection (Trigger 4-core)
1	Reluctor +	Yellow
2	Reluctor -	Green

Cam Sensor

Hall Effect cam sensors are used and all EJ25 models use the same sensor. The sensor for Cylinder 1 is used for engine position information.

Pin	Description	Haltech Connection (Home 4-core)
1	12V+	12V+ (Red)
2	Signal	Home + (Yellow)
3	Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Blue)

Trigger Configuration

  

Ignition Coils

The EJ25 uses coil-on-plug ignition with internal igniters in each coil. These coils can be wired directly to the Haltech ECU.

Coil Wiring (Pin 1 nearest locking tab)

Coil Pin	Function	Haltech Connection
1	ECU Signal	Ignition Output (Yellow/xxxx)
2	Ground to Cylinder Head	---
3	12V+ Ignition Switched	---

Dwell

DBW Throttle System

This engine uses a single Drive By Wire throttle body.

DBW Throttle Wiring

Position Sensors

Pin	Description	Haltech Connection
3	Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)
4	TPS2	AVI 3 (Orange/Red)
5	5V+	5V+ (Orange)
6	TPS1	AVI 2 (Orange/Black)

Drive Motor

Pin	Haltech Connection
1	DBW 2 (Brown/Red)
2	DBW 1 (Brown/Black)

DBW Accelerator Pedal Position Sensors Connection

Pin	Description	Haltech Connection
1	5V+	5V+ (Orange)
2	Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)
3	Sub Sensor (APP 2)	AVI 5 (Orange/Green)
4	5V+	5V+ (Orange)
5	Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)
6	Main Sensor (APP 1)	AVI 4 (Orange/Yellow)

MAP Sensor

This vehicle comes with a MAP sensor located on the throttle body.  The sensor is only used by the OEM ECU for boost and evaporative emissions control. It is possible to use the sensor for engine tuning however they do not read the full vacuum range that the engine can experience (will not read less than -86.5kPa).  Using the MAP sensor that comes with your Haltech ECU is the better option and requires a vacuum hose to be run from the intake manifold to the ECU. For higher boost levels an external MAP sensor should be used instead, connected to a spare AVI.

OEM MAP Sensor

The MAP sensor is located on the throttle body.

Pin	Function	Haltech Connection
1	Signal	Any Spare AVI (AVI9 - Yellow)
2	Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)
3	Power	5V+ (Orange)

OEM MAP sensor wiring can be used when switching to a high rated external MAP sensor.

Variable Cams

Subaru name their variable cam system as AVCS (Active Valve Control System).   WRX models have AVCS on the intake cams only, and STI models have AVCS on the intake and exhaust cams.

Unlike the earlier EJ20 engines the EJ25 uses the intake cam for Bank 1 as the cam position sensor used for engine sync, and they have an additional sensor for each other variable cam to supply a cam position signal to the ECU to allow cam control.  A duty control solenoid is present for each cam actuator with the system operating in closed-loop.

Never go full retard!

The additional cam position sensors are Hall Effect sensors.

Pin	Description	Haltech Connection
1	12V+	12V+ (Grey/Red)
2	Signal	Any Spare SPI
3	Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)

The control solenoids are wired to any spare output except ignition outputs.

Pin	Description	Haltech Connection (Home 4-core)
1	12V+ Ignition Switched	---
2	Signal	Any Spare Output

Idle Control

All DBW equipped engines use the throttle body to handle the idle control.

Coolant Temperature

EJ25 engines use a 3-pin Coolant Temperature Sensor.  Unlike the earlier EJ20K, this sensor uses a Sensor Ground rather than a 5V+ supply, making it more similar to a conventional coolant temperature sensor.

Wiring

Pin	Function	Haltech Connection
1	Signal Ground	Signal Ground
2	ECU Signal	Any Spare AVI (AVI 8 Violet)
3	Gauge Signal	---

Air Temp

EJ25 engines have the Air Temperature Sensor integrated into the MAF Sensor.  Although this sensor can be used it is only measuring the temperature at the MAF (where the OEM ECU measure engine load).  For accurate tuning with a Haltech ECU the Air Temperature Sensor should be located where the engine load is being measured, so if this is with the MAP sensor the Air Temperature Sensor should be located as close as possible to the intake plenum.

For Wiring information see the MAF Section

Knock Sensor

All motors use a donut style non-resonant sensor that is suitable for engine tuning.

They only have a signal wire with the sensor being internally grounded through the body of the sensor to the block. 

Pin	Haltech Connection
1	Knock Input 1 (Grey/Green)
2	No Connection

MAF Sensor

Although most users of Haltech ECUs will be deleting the MAF, it is possible to use a MAF if you prefer.

Pin	Function	Haltech Connection
1	12V+ Switched	12V+ (Grey/Red)
2	MAF Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)
3	MAF Signal	AVI
4	Air Temperature Signal	AVI with Pullup Enabled
5	Air Temperature Signal Ground	Signal Ground (Black/White)

O2 Sensors

EJ25 motors have a limited range 4-wire wideband O2 sensor located in the exhaust manifold.  The OEM ECU uses predicted exhaust pressure correction to use the sensor in this location, and was done to improve sensor response time by moving it closer to the cylinder head.  For a modified engine this data is inaccurate.  This location is not suitable for performance engine tuning and should not be used.

Adding a Haltech Wideband Kit   (highly recommended)

For correct operation a Haltech WB1 kit is highly recommended for this application, with the provided 4.9 sensors replacing the pre-cat sensors on early mode.  Sensors use a 22mm socket or spanner to remove and replace.

For EJ25 motors with the OEM O2 sensor located before the turbo a new O2 sensor mount supplied with the kit should be added to the exhaust after the turbo on the downpipe.  You CANNOT simply replace the OEM pre-turbo sensor with the Haltech WB1 sensor as this will give incorrect readings and may cause sensor failure or engine damage. 

Vehicle Speed Sensor

The EJ25 OEM ECU receives Vehicle Speed data over CAN.  The Haltech Elite 1500 and 2500 models can also receive this data over CAN.

Injector Data

Flow

The injector flow rate is measured with the injectors held wide open at 100% duty.  For fuel systems with a fixed regulator pressure (often returnless systems) that is not referenced to manifold pressure the flow needs to be mapped over Manifold Pressure for accurate tuning.

Flow data for each model is found in the supplied base map that comes with ESP.

Dead Time

When an injector is commanded to open for a certain amount of time, the dead time is the amount of time the injector is not actually open during this period.  It covers the time to energise the solenoid and begin to open and the time to close as well.  There are also transient periods during which the injector is opening and closing where fuel flow is not at full capacity so this lost peak flow period is also taken into account.  

Dead time data for each model is found in the supplied base map that comes with ESP.

OEM ECU Information

   

Location

All models have the OEM ECU located in the passenger foot well under the carpet near to the firewall.

Access and Removal

Remove the kick panel and pull back the carpet to access the ECU cover.  10mm bolts hold on the sheet metal ECU cover.

ECU Pinout

        

   

Base Maps

Base maps have been created for use with the Haltech Elite Adapter Harnesses.  Platinum Pro - Maps come with the ECU Manager Software.

Where applicable those maps are attached below.

To use these maps they should be IMPORTED into your ECU.  Follow the IMPORTING A BASE MAP guide.

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