土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译

土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译

1. 综合类

大地工程geotechnical engineering

反分析法back analysis method

基础工程foundation engineering

临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics

数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics

土soil, earth

土动力学soil dynamics

土力学soil mechanics

岩土工程geotechnical engineering

应力路径stress path

应力路径法stress path method

2. 工程地质及勘察

变质岩metamorphic rock

标准冻深standard frost penetration

冰川沉积glacial deposit

冰积层（台）glacial deposit

残积土eluvial soil, residual soil

层理beding

长石feldspar

沉积岩sedimentary rock

承压水confined water

次生矿物secondary mineral

地质年代geological age

地质图geological map

地下水groundwater

断层fault

断裂构造fracture structure

工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration

海积层（台）marine deposit

海相沉积marine deposit

花岗岩granite

滑坡landslide

化石fossil

化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock

阶地terrace

节理joint

解理cleavage

喀斯特karst

矿物硬度hardness of minerals

砾岩conglomerate

流滑flow slide

陆相沉积continental sedimentation

泥石流mud flow, debris flow

年粘土矿物clay minerals

凝灰岩tuff

牛轭湖ox-bow lake

浅成岩hypabyssal rock

潜水ground water

侵入岩intrusive rock

取土器geotome

砂岩sandstone

砂嘴spit, sand spit

山岩压力rock pressure

深成岩plutionic rock

石灰岩limestone

石英quartz

松散堆积物rickle

围限地下水（台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon

岩爆rock burst

岩层产状attitude of rock

岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock

岩脉dike, dgke

岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock

岩石结构texture of rock

岩体rock mass

页岩shale

原生矿物primary mineral

云母mica

造岩矿物rock-forming mineral

褶皱fold, folding

钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section

3. 土的分类

饱和土saturated soil

超固结土overconsolidated soil

冲填土dredger fill

充重塑土

冻土frozen soil, tjaele

非饱和土unsaturated soil

分散性土dispersive soil

粉土silt, mo

粉质粘土silty clay

高岭石kaolinite

过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil

红粘土red clay, adamic earth

黄土loess, huangtu(China)

蒙脱石montmorillonite

泥炭peat, bog muck

年粘土clay

年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil

膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil

欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil

区域性土zonal soil

人工填土fill, artificial soil

软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle

砂土sand

湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess

素填土plain fill

塑性图plasticity chart

碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus

未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay

无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil

岩石rock

伊利土illite

有机质土organic soil

淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush

淤泥质土mucky soil

原状土undisturbed soil

杂填土miscellaneous fill

正常固结土normally consolidated soil

正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil

自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess

4. 土的物理性质

阿太堡界限Atterberg limits

饱和度degree of saturation

饱和密度saturated density

饱和重度saturated unit weight

比重specific gravity

稠度consistency

不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient

触变thixotropy

单粒结构single-grained structure

蜂窝结构honeycomb structure