英语基础语法-1- 词性-数词
数词(Numeral):
数词是表示数目或顺序的词。其用法相当于名词或形容词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。数词分为基数词和序数词两大类,基数词表示数目或大小,序数词表示顺序。
一、基数词
表示数目或大小的词称为基数词,基本的基数词有31个,100以内的有27个。见下表:
基数1-19,每一个数都有一个单词对应,须牢记。
基数20-99,整十数(20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90)都有一个独立的单词对应,其余的数由整十数和个位数之间加一个连字符“-”构成。
数 英语读法 数 英语读法
21 twenty-one 29 twenty-nine
22 twenty-two 30 thirty
23 twenty-three 31 thirty-one
24 twenty-four 32 thirty-two
25 twenty-five ... ... ...
26 twenty-six 98 ninety-eight
28 twenty-eight 99 ninety-nine
基数101-999,由百位数hundred和1到99内的数中间加“and"构成。
数 英语读法
101 one hundred and one
102 one hundred and two
... ... ... ...
110 one hundred and ten
111 one hundred and eleven
112 one hundred and twelve
... ... ... ...
120 one hundred and twenty
121 one hundred and twenty-one
122 one hundred and twenty-two
... ... ... ...
200 two hundred
201 two hundred and one
... ... ... ...
999 nine hundred and ninety-nine
1000以上的基数,从右向左每三位数加一个“,”。第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion,然后每一节按百,十,个的顺序来读。如:
305,043,726 读作:three hundred and five million forty-three thousand seven hundred and twenty-six
二、序数词
表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词除了first,second,third和个位数是这三词的数字之外,其余的都是在基数词的词尾加th构成。下表给出了基本的序数词汇。
序数词在使用时,较大序数词不常用,这里不再介绍,100以内的序数词要掌握好。
三、数词的句法功能
数词在句子中的作用相当于名词或者形容词,当数词在句中单独使用时,相当于名词,可在句中作主语,宾语或表语等;当数词修饰名词来表达多少人或物体的时候相当于形容词,这时候数词在句中作名词的定语。因此,数词在句子中可作主语,宾语,表语,定语等。
1. 数词在句中作主语,如:
The two entered the school yesterday.
那两个人昨天进入了学校。
The second is yours.
第二个是你的。
Three of them will play basketball.
他们中有三个人将去打篮球。
2. 数词在句中作宾语,如:
I know two of them.
我认识他们中的二个人。
Please give me the second.
请给我第二个。
3. 数词在句中作表语,如:
I'm eighteen.
我18岁。
Mike was the first last year.
迈克去年是第一名。
4. 数词在句中作定语,如:
There are twenty boys in my class.
在我的班级有20名男生。
June is the sixth month of the year.
六月是一年中的第六个月。
I have three English dictionaries.
我有三本英语字典。
5. 数词在句中作同位语,如:
Who is the woman, the second in the second line?
在第二列第二个的那个妇女是谁?
四、数词的用法
数词在英语中应用十分广泛,它们可以用来表数量,序号,数字,时间,编号等。下面给出数词的一些典型应用。
1. 阿拉伯数字和英语单词的使用
在英语中我们会看到有时用英语单词表示数,有时用阿拉伯数字表示数,还有时两种形式混合使用。应用时要注意什么呢?
一般情况下,能用一个或两个单词表示的数都用英语单词,超过两个以上单词表示的数用阿拉伯数字。当表达的数目在百万以上时,有时会用阿拉伯数字和million,billion混合使用。特别,当数词位于句首时,通常都用单词表示。例如:
There are fifty-four students in my class.
More than 450 students attended the meeting yesterday.
There are more than 1.3 billion people in China.
2. 表示数量
表示数量时用基数词,基数词后接可数名词复数表示确切的数量。但ten,hundred,thousand,million等也可用复数形式与介词of搭配构成短语,表示不确切的数量。如:
tens of 数以十计的
hundreds of 数以百计的
thousands of 数以千计的
3. 表示时间
(1). 表示时刻(钟点时间)用基数词。
整点用“基数词+(o'clock)”.如:
6:00 读作 six (o'clock)
“几点过几分”用“分钟+past+小时”这种形式表示,表示不超过30分钟的时间。如:
7:21 读作 twenty-one past seven
半点钟用“half+past+小时”这种形式表示。如:
5:30 读作:half past five
“几点差几分”用“分钟+to+小时”这种形式表示,表示超过30分钟的时间。如:
8:55 读作 five to nine
简化读法:上面的时间都可以按小时,分钟的顺序用基数词读出。如:
7:21 读作 seven twenty-one
5:30 读作 five thirty
8:55 读作 eight fifty-five
(2).表示年、月、日时,年份一般用阿拉伯数字写出,月份用单词写出,日期用序数词写出,书写时序数词前的the和词尾(st,nd,rd,th)可省略,但读时要读出。一般按月,日,年的顺序来写。如:
2020年2月18日 February 18,2020
读作 February the eighteenth,twenty twenty
注:表示年月日有很多方法,这里不再详细介绍。
4. 表示编号
编号可用序数词或者基数词来表示,一般情况下常用基数词。用序数词时,序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词the;用基数词时,基数词位于名词之后,而且数词与名词的首字母要大写。如:
第一课 Lesson One=the first lesson
第18号 Number 18 或No. 18
203房间 Room 203
11路公共汽车 Bus 11或Bus No.11
1. There are some ______ in our classroom.
A. hundred of books B.the hundreds of books
C. hundreds of books D.hundreds of book
2. May is _______ of a year.
A. the fifth month B.the fifth months
C.hundreds of books D.hundred of book
3. Is Sunday the ______ day of the week?
A.a B.one C.once D.first
4. December the ______ is Christmas.
A.twenty-five B.twenty-fifth
C.twentieth-five D.twenty-five
5. The new student is in ______.
A.Class 2 B.Class Second
C.2 Class D.class 2
6. Ten and five is ______.
A.five B.fifteen C.fifty D.fifth
7. My brother is only ______ years old.This Sunday is his _____ birthday.
A.three;three B.three;third
C.third;third D.third;three
8. Please open your book and turn to _________.
A.Page 12 B.the 12nd Page
C.page 12 D.page the 12th
9. At night we can see _____ stars in the sky.
A. thousands and thousands of
B.thousand and thousands of
C.thousand and thousands
D.thousand and thousand
10. There are _____ students in our school.
A. four-hundred and forty-five
B.four hundred and forty-five
C.four hundreds and forty-five
D.four hundred and forty five
11. I have been to the village ______.
A. a hundred time B.hundred times
C.hundreds of times D.hundred of times
12. The teacher told me to go over ______ lessons.
A.thirst three B.the three first
C.three the first D.the first three
13. Mr Smith stayed in ____ last night.
A.Room 403 B.the Room 403
C.the 403 room D.403 the room
14. There is _____ English book on the table.
A.a B.an C.one D.the
15. He said he was going to be free in ______.
A. one and a half hour
B.one hour and half
C.one and half hours
D.an hour and a half
16. We live in ________.
A. the twenty-first century
B.the century twenty-one
C.century twenty-one
D.the century twenty-first
17. The road is ______________.
A. two thousand and five hundred metres long
B. two thousands metres long
C. long one thousand five hundred metre
D. a thousand and five hundreds metres long
18. March the ______ is Women’s Day.
A.eighth B.ninth C.tenth D.eight
19.He joined the army on ______ of May 1980.
A.1st B.the 1
C.first D.the first
20. September is the _______ month of the year.
A.nineth B.ninth
C.nine D.the twelveth