V-e d分词作状语和短语动词
一．V-ed分词作状语
及物动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成的意义，功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
1. V-ed分词作时间状语（相当于时间状语从句）
①Born at the beginning of the century, he became president in the early 1940’s.
他出生于世纪之初，到了20世纪40年代初期成为了总统。
②Seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful.从山上看去，这个村庄更加漂亮了。可以转换为When it is seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful.
2. V-ed分词作原因状语（相当于原因状语从句）
①Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, the boys ran into the building.
孩子们被从四面八方朝他们飞来的石头弄糊涂了，于是他们跑进了那幢大楼里。可以转换为They were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, so the boys ran into the building.
②Tired and hungry, the little girl sat at the wall corner.
又累又饿，小女孩坐到了墙角处。
③Discouraged, she decided to leave the city of Beijing.
心灰意冷，她决定离开北京城。
3. V-ed分词作条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)
①Given more time and support, we could have done it better.
如果当时给我们更多的时间和支持，我们会做得更好。可以转换为If we were given more time and support, we could have done it better.
②Put into use as soon as possible, the hotline will do us a great favour.
如果被尽快地投入使用，这条热线将会给我们很大的帮助。
③Watered once a week, the vegetables will grow better.
一周浇一次水，这些蔬菜会长得更好。
4. V-ed分词作让步状语(相当于although / though引导的让步状语从句)
①Attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in.
尽管被攻击了很多次，但伦敦居民并没有屈服。可以转换为Although they were attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in.
②Laughed at by other boys, he still continued to complete the task.
尽管遭到其他男孩的嘲笑，他仍然坚持完成了这项任务。
③Tried again, the experiment still couldn’t give us a satisfying answer.
又尝试了一次，这个实验仍然不能给我们一个满意的结果。
5. V-ed分词作方式或伴随状语（相当于方式状语从句，当表示伴随时，相当于一个并列句）
①Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
猎人在树林里慢慢行走，狼狗跟在后面。可以转换为The hunter walked slowly in the forest and his wolf dog Followed him.
②The hero sat there telling stories, surrounded by a lot of students.
英雄坐在那儿讲故事，许多孩子围着他。
6. V-ed分词作结果状语（相当于结果状语从句）
①He failed in the competition, blamed by his companions.
他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责备。
②He made up with his wife who abandoned him three years ago, admired by his neighbors.
他和三年前抛弃他的妻子和好如初，受到了邻居的赞扬。
7. V-ed分词作状语，起补充说明作用（相当于一个并列句）
They eventually arrived at the destination, tired and excited.
他们最终到了目的地，又累又激动。可以转换为They eventually arrived at the destination, and they became tired and excited.
【拓展延伸】
根据需要，V-ed形式前面也可以加上when, while, until, once, though, although, as/so long as, unless, as if (though), even if (though)等词，以表示强调。
①Unless invited, I won’t attend the ball.
除非被邀请，否则我不会参加舞会。
②As long as given the chance, I would cherish it.
只要给予这个机会，我就会珍惜的。
③He walked as if drunk.
他走路的样子看起来喝醉了。
【名师指津】
before, after等词后必须用being done的形式，注意若过去分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，应在分词前加上逻辑主语。
①Before being permitted to come in, remain where you are.
在允许进入之前，请先呆在原地。
②The Olympics successfully held, all the people cheered.
奥运会成功举行，所用人为之欢呼。
③All the tickets sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
所有的票都卖完了，我们只能等着下周的演出。
二．短语动词
1.有些动词常与副词、介词等连在一起构成短语动词，常见的构成方式如下：
