中文名（Chinese Name）：橡胶树
学名（Scientific Name）：Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.
英文名（English Common Name）：rubber tree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：巴西橡胶、三叶橡胶
异名（Synonym）：Siphonia janeirensis (Müll.Arg.) O.F.Cook  Siphonia ridleyana O.F.Cook  Hevea camargoana Pires  Hevea granthamii Bartlett  Hevea janeirensis Müll.Arg.  Hevea paludosa Ule  Hevea randiana Huber  Hevea sieberi Warb.  Hevea brasiliensis f. acreana (Ule) Ducke  Hevea brasiliensis var. acreana Ule  Hevea brasiliensis f. angustifolia (Ule ex Huber) Ule  Hevea brasiliensis var. angustifolia Ule ex Huber  Hevea brasiliensis mut. granthamii Barth  Hevea brasiliensis var. janeirensis (Müll.Arg.) Pax  Hevea brasiliensis f. latifolia (Ule ex Huber) Ule  Hevea brasiliensis var. latifolia Ule ex Huber  Hevea brasiliensis f. randiana (Huber) Ducke  Hevea brasiliensis var. randiana (Huber) Pax  Hevea brasiliensis var. stylosa Huber
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）橡胶树属
形态特征（Description）：大乔木，高可达30米，有丰富乳汁。指状复叶具小叶3片；叶柄长达15厘米，顶端有2 (3-4)枚腺体；小叶椭圆形，长10-25厘米，宽4-10厘米，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部楔形，全缘，两面无毛；侧脉10-16对，网脉明显；小叶柄长1-2厘米。花序腋生，圆锥状，长达16厘米，被灰白色短柔毛；雄花：花萼裂片卵状披针形，长约2毫米；雄蕊10枚，排成2轮，花药2室，纵裂；雌花：花萼与雄花同，但较大；子房(2-) 3(-6)室，花柱短，柱头3枚。蒴果椭圆状，直径5-6厘米，有3纵沟，顶端有喙尖，基部略凹，外果皮薄，干后有网状脉纹，内果皮厚、木质；种子椭圆状，淡灰褐色，有斑纹。花期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：原产巴西；现广泛栽培于亚洲热带地区。
用途（Use）：主要的天然橡胶植物。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 265
Hevea brasiliensis (Willdenow ex A. Jussieu) Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 204. 1865.
橡胶树 xiang jiao shu | Euphorbiaceae  | Hevea
Siphonia brasiliensis Willdenow ex A. Jussieu, Euphorb. Gen. t. 12. 1824.
Large trees, up to 30 m tall, with much milky juice. Petiole 5-15 cm, apex usually with 2(-4) glands; leaflets 3, elliptic, 10-25 × 4-10 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; lateral veins 10-16, reticulate veins prominent. Panicles axillary, to 16 cm, gray-white pubescent. Male flowers: sepals ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm; stamens 10, in 2 series; anthers 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent. Female flowers: sepals as in male, but larger; ovary (2 or)3(-6)-locular; stigmas 3, sessile. Capsules ellipsoidal, 5-6 cm in diam., with 3 longitudinal grooves, apex rostrate, base retuse; epicarp thinner, with reticulate stripes; endocarp thicker, woody. Seeds ellipsoidal, gray-brownish, maculate-striate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Cultivated. S Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to Brazil; widely introduced throughout the tropics].
This species is cultivated in great numbers for the production of rubber.







（责任编辑：徐晔春）