Скачать презентацию
Идет загрузка презентации. Пожалуйста, подождите
Презентация была опубликована 9 лет назад пользователем Виктория Ломоносова
1 Sensation is an ability of an organism to accept stimuli from external and internal environment
2 Reception is a set of all afferent systems, which accept stimuli from external and internal environment and carry them out to the center Reception is wider concept, than sensation. One doesnt not feel everything he accepts. Reception is wider concept, than sensation. One doesnt not feel everything he accepts. Sensation is a part of reception, which one feels and can analyze by certain structures of his brain. It means that sensation is closely connected with activity of analyzers. Sensation is a part of reception, which one feels and can analyze by certain structures of his brain. It means that sensation is closely connected with activity of analyzers.
3 Analyzer is a sole functional system that consists of three parts: 1.Receiving apparatus (receptors) - receptor part 2. Sensory explorers - conductive part 3. Part of cortex, which receives information, analyzes and synthesizes it
4 Receptors are sensitive structures that have ability to accept different changes of external and internal environment and transmit them as impulse. Receptors are divided into: Exteroreceptors (in skin and external mucose membrane) Exteroreceptors (in skin and external mucose membrane) Proprioreceptors (in muscles, tendons, joints) Proprioreceptors (in muscles, tendons, joints) Interoreceptors (in inner organs, in vessels) Interoreceptors (in inner organs, in vessels)
5 Exteroreceptors accept superficial sensitiveness (light touch (tactile), pain and temperature sense). mechanoreceptors (touch, pressure) thermoreceptors (cold, hot) nociceptors (accept pain)
6 Proprioreceptors are situated in deep tissues (muscles, joints, tendons). nervous - muscular cords. They react to tension of muscles. They are covered by a connective tissue case and are situated intra- and extrafusally between the fibers of striated muscles. nervous - muscular cords. They react to tension of muscles. They are covered by a connective tissue case and are situated intra- and extrafusally between the fibers of striated muscles. The Goldies and Matsons bodies accept joint feeling. They are situated between muscles and tendons. The Goldies and Matsons bodies accept joint feeling. They are situated between muscles and tendons. Osmoreceptors Osmoreceptors Chemoreceptors Chemoreceptors baroreceptors baroreceptors
7 Types of fibers Type A - thin myelin fibers, which carry out deep and light touch sense; the speed of impulse transmission by these fibers is m/s Type A - thin myelin fibers, which carry out deep and light touch sense; the speed of impulse transmission by these fibers is m/s Type B - myelin fibers, which carry out pain and temperature sense; the speed is m/s Type B - myelin fibers, which carry out pain and temperature sense; the speed is m/s Type C - without myelin fibers, which carry out diffuse pain sense with speed 1-1,5 m/s. Type C - without myelin fibers, which carry out diffuse pain sense with speed 1-1,5 m/s.
8 Classification of sensation І. Classification, which is based on the place of originating of stimuli: Exteroceptive Exteroceptive Interoceptive Interoceptive Proprioceptive Proprioceptive ІІ. Classification, which is based on biological principle of originating of sensation: Protopatical (vital, nociceptive, thalamic). This ancient sensation is typical for the primitive nervous system of our ancestors. Protopatical (vital, nociceptive, thalamic). This ancient sensation is typical for the primitive nervous system of our ancestors. Epicritical sensation is connected with cortex and it is based on the differentiation of stimuli according to their modality, intensity, localization etc. Epicritical sensation is connected with cortex and it is based on the differentiation of stimuli according to their modality, intensity, localization etc. In clinical practice usually we use classification, which is based on the kind of stimuli: Superficial Superficial Deep Deep Complicated Complicated
9 Superficial sensation This term includes the modalities of light touch, pain and temperature. Light touch (tactile) sensation – is feeling of touch, which may be examined by touch of cotton, end of hammer, paintbrush Light touch (tactile) sensation – is feeling of touch, which may be examined by touch of cotton, end of hammer, paintbrush Superficial pain – is a feeling of pain, which may be tested with a corsage pin or pinwheel (acutely or bluntly, pricks or does not prick) Superficial pain – is a feeling of pain, which may be tested with a corsage pin or pinwheel (acutely or bluntly, pricks or does not prick) Temperature sensation – is feeling of cold or hot, which may be tested by application of glass tubes filled with iced (100 C) and hot (430 C) water to the skin Temperature sensation – is feeling of cold or hot, which may be tested by application of glass tubes filled with iced (100 C) and hot (430 C) water to the skin Trihoesthesia – is a sensation of touch of hair Trihoesthesia – is a sensation of touch of hair Hydroesthesia – is a sensation of humidity Hydroesthesia – is a sensation of humidity Sensation of electrical current Sensation of electrical current Feeling of tickling Feeling of tickling
10 Deep sensation This includes joint and vibratory sense and pain from the deep-lying somatic structures, namely, muscle, ligaments, fascia, bone, and so on. Joint sense – is a sense of position and passive movements Joint sense – is a sense of position and passive movements Vibration sense Vibration sense Feeling of mass Feeling of mass Feeling of pressure Feeling of pressure Kinesthesia Kinesthesia
11 Complicated sensation Stereognosis (Three-point distinction) is the ability to identify familiar object placed in the palm of the patient by palpation when the eyes are closed. It is complicated kind of sensation, which is based on the reception of separate properties of object (weight, form, surface, and sizes), synthesis and analysis of all these properties Stereognosis (Three-point distinction) is the ability to identify familiar object placed in the palm of the patient by palpation when the eyes are closed. It is complicated kind of sensation, which is based on the reception of separate properties of object (weight, form, surface, and sizes), synthesis and analysis of all these properties Graphism – is the ability to determine figures and numbers traced on the skin with the closed eyes. Graphesthesia – impaired graphism is very sensitive indicator of parietal lobe damage. Graphism – is the ability to determine figures and numbers traced on the skin with the closed eyes. Graphesthesia – impaired graphism is very sensitive indicator of parietal lobe damage. Localization sense - is the ability to point an exact place of the stimuli. Localization sense - is the ability to point an exact place of the stimuli. Discrimination sense (two-point discrimination) - tests the ability of the patient to differentiate one stimulus from two. It may be examined by Webers circus. Discrimination sense (two-point discrimination) - tests the ability of the patient to differentiate one stimulus from two. It may be examined by Webers circus. Baragnosis – is the impaired ability to distinguish different weights. Baragnosis – is the impaired ability to distinguish different weights.
12 Sensory passway
13 Anatomy of Superficial and deep sensation pathways
14 Diagnostic value of spinothalamic tracts The decussating in front of white soldering occurs not in a horizontal plane at a level of segment, but obliquely from below upwards during 1-2 segments. Therefore if we have lesion of lateral funiculus, the sensitive disturbance occurs on the opposite side 1-2 segments below than the level of a pathological focus. The decussating in front of white soldering occurs not in a horizontal plane at a level of segment, but obliquely from below upwards during 1-2 segments. Therefore if we have lesion of lateral funiculus, the sensitive disturbance occurs on the opposite side 1-2 segments below than the level of a pathological focus. The caudal contributions to the spinothalamic tract are pushed laterally by the incoming contributions from higher up results in a lamination of the tract, with the fibers from the lowers segments of the spinal cord placed more dorsolaterally on each side. This explains the sacral sings and symptoms that result from more or less superficial involvement of the lateral funiculus even at the highest level of the cord. It is the Auerbah- Flataus law of eccentrically allocation of longer explorers. The caudal contributions to the spinothalamic tract are pushed laterally by the incoming contributions from higher up results in a lamination of the tract, with the fibers from the lowers segments of the spinal cord placed more dorsolaterally on each side. This explains the sacral sings and symptoms that result from more or less superficial involvement of the lateral funiculus even at the highest level of the cord. It is the Auerbah- Flataus law of eccentrically allocation of longer explorers.
15 Symptoms of sensory disturbances Anesthesia - complete loss of any sorts of sensation. For example: Anesthesia - complete loss of any sorts of sensation. For example: Analgesia - loss of pain sense. Analgesia - loss of pain sense. Thermoanesthesia - loss of a temperature sense Thermoanesthesia - loss of a temperature sense Bathyanesthesia - loss of deep joint sense Bathyanesthesia - loss of deep joint sense Astereognosia - loss of stereognostic sense Astereognosia - loss of stereognostic sense Topanesthesia - loss of localization sense Topanesthesia - loss of localization sense Pallanesthesia – loss of vibratory sense Pallanesthesia – loss of vibratory sense Hypoesthesia - lowering of sensation. Hypoesthesia - lowering of sensation. Hyperesthesia - sensitization as result of lowering a threshold of energization in cortex of brain. Hyperesthesia - sensitization as result of lowering a threshold of energization in cortex of brain. Dysesthesia - distortion of sensitivity, when instead of one stimulus the patient feels absolutely other. For example, warm touch one feels as cold. Dysesthesia - distortion of sensitivity, when instead of one stimulus the patient feels absolutely other. For example, warm touch one feels as cold. Hyperpathia - results from rise of a threshold of energization, when there are strong, unpleasant, badly localized sensations of stimuli. Thus the mild stimuli are not received absolutely. In basis of hyperpathia the disturbance of the analytical function of cortex lays. Hyperpathia - results from rise of a threshold of energization, when there are strong, unpleasant, badly localized sensations of stimuli. Thus the mild stimuli are not received absolutely. In basis of hyperpathia the disturbance of the analytical function of cortex lays. Synesthesia - sensation of stimuli not only in a place of its plotting, but also in the other place. Synesthesia - sensation of stimuli not only in a place of its plotting, but also in the other place. Polyesthesia - means sensation of one stimulus as several ones. Polyesthesia - means sensation of one stimulus as several ones. Alloheyria - sensation of stimuli in symmetrical sites on an opposite body part. Alloheyria - sensation of stimuli in symmetrical sites on an opposite body part. Alloesthesia - sensation of stimuli in the other place. Alloesthesia - sensation of stimuli in the other place. Dissociation of sense - phenomenon of fallout of some kind of sensitivity while saving others in the area of segment innervation. Dissociation of sense - phenomenon of fallout of some kind of sensitivity while saving others in the area of segment innervation.
16 Subjective sorts of sensory disturbances: Paresthesia is a creeping sensation, cold, burning sensation, fever, numbness, itch, the pricking etc. Frequently paresthesia is the first sign of nervous system lesion. Paresthesia is a creeping sensation, cold, burning sensation, fever, numbness, itch, the pricking etc. Frequently paresthesia is the first sign of nervous system lesion. Pain. The pain sensations can arise at stimuli by the pathological process of sensitive analyzers at any level (from receptors up to cortex). Pain. The pain sensations can arise at stimuli by the pathological process of sensitive analyzers at any level (from receptors up to cortex).
17 Sorts of pain 1. Local pain - is pain, for example, at palpation of the nervous trunk. That is pain, which coincides with the place of lesion. 2. Projectional pain - is a pain in zone of innervation not only in place of stimuli, but also distally on a course of nerves or roots. To projection belongs the stump neuralgia - pain in absent segments of an extremity after its ablation. Or other pain example: during a trauma of a ulna nerve in the field of a ulna joint the pain gives back in V fingers of a paintbrush. 3. Irradiating pains - are pains, which are distributed from one nerve branch to another, not struck. For example, at neuralgia of the first branch of trigeminal nerve the pain is distributed to zone of innervation of the second or the third branches, in upper or lower jaw, in ears etc. 4. Displayed pains - are pains in zones Zacharyin-Heds at diseases of inner organs, when irradiation arises to certain zone on skin through cells of dorsal horns of spinal cord. For example, pain on ulnar territory of the left forearm and paintbrush at angina pectoris. 5. Causalgia (Greek causes - burning sensation, algos - pain). It is intensive thermalgia originating, for example, at traumas. It is pain without stimulation. 6. Reactive pains - are pains that originate at expansion of nerves. The pains can arise at palpation of pain points and at band spread of nervous trunks.
18 Types of sensory disturbances Peripheral Peripheral Mononeuritic (or neural) Mononeuritic (or neural) Polyneuritic Polyneuritic Plexal Plexal Saddle-area Saddle-area Segmental (sectional) Segmental - radicular Segmental - radicular Segmental - dissociated Segmental - dissociated Conductive type Spinal Spinal Cerebral Cerebral
19 Types of sensory disturbances
20 Sectional body building
21 Spinal pattern Complete transversal (is observed at a lesion that involves a diameter of a spinal cord, at which all sorts of sensation below that level of a lesion drop out, pain and temperature sense drop out on 1-2 segments below than level of a lesion, and deep - from the same level. Usually, the deficits are in the lower trunk and legs, are bilateral and almost symmetric. Complete transversal (is observed at a lesion that involves a diameter of a spinal cord, at which all sorts of sensation below that level of a lesion drop out, pain and temperature sense drop out on 1-2 segments below than level of a lesion, and deep - from the same level. Usually, the deficits are in the lower trunk and legs, are bilateral and almost symmetric. Half transversal or Brown-Sequard pattern - arises at a lesion of a lateral half diameter of a spinal cord, thus the deep feeling drops out on the side of a lesion, and pain and temperature sense- on the opposite side, since a level on 1-2 segments is lower. Half transversal or Brown-Sequard pattern - arises at a lesion of a lateral half diameter of a spinal cord, thus the deep feeling drops out on the side of a lesion, and pain and temperature sense- on the opposite side, since a level on 1-2 segments is lower. Descending Descending Ascending, depending on extra- or intramedular lesion Ascending, depending on extra- or intramedular lesion Monotype Monotype Hemitype Hemitype
22 Conductive type a) Brain stem b) The thalamic c) Capsular d) Cortical
23 Types of sensory disorders
Correlation. In statistics, dependence refers to any statistical relationship between two random variables or two sets of data. Correlation refers to.
Neurology as science Neuropathology (from Greek neuro – nerve, pathos – disease, logos – science) – is a part of clinical medicine, which is involved in.
Business Statistics 1-1 Chapter Two Describing Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation GOALS When you have completed this chapter, you will.
In mathematics, the notion of permutation is used with several slightly different meanings, all related to the act of permuting (rearranging) objects.
1 Cutaneous Melanoma. 2 Equivalent Terms, Definitions and Illustrations Skin only C440-C449 Definitions identify reportable tumors –Evolving melanoma.
How can we measure distances in open space. Distances in open space.
A Bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to change an existing law that is presented for debate before Parliament. Bills are introduced in either.
Bad and Harmful Habits. Working on a computer, watching TV When you do it one or two hours its not bad. You can get a lot of new information, it helps.
Neurological examination of Sensation, Reflexes and Motor functions.
LANGUAGE, SPEECH, SPEECH ACTIVITY Suggests to allocate the following functions: communicative; thinking tools; mastering the socio-historical; experience;
Time-Series Analysis and Forecasting – Part IV To read at home.
AVL-Trees COMP171 Fall 2005. AVL Trees / Slide 2 Balanced binary tree * The disadvantage of a binary search tree is that its height can be as large as.
© 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. BGP v3.25-1 Customer-to-Provider Connectivity with BGP Connecting a Multihomed Customer to Multiple Service.
INVOLUTES An involute is a curve that is traced by a point on a taut cord unwinding from a circle or regular polygon, which is called a base or (plane.
HPC Pipelining Parallelism is achieved by starting to execute one instruction before the previous one is finished. The simplest kind overlaps the execution.
Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Taxes in the USA. To tax is to impose a financial charge upon a taxpayer by state. Failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes consist of direct tax (income.
COLLOQUIALISMS AND THEIR SPHERE OF COMMUNICATION.
Loader Design Options Linkage Editors Dynamic Linking Bootstrap Loaders.
Centrifugal force (rotating reference frame). Centrifugal force (from Latin centrum "center" and fugere "to flee") can generally be any force directed.
Еще похожие презентации в нашем архиве:
© 2024 MyShared Inc.
All rights reserved.
玻璃钢生产厂家山西玻璃钢抽象动物雕塑厂家报价园林玻璃钢动物雕塑出厂价格北京通道商场美陈多少钱贵阳玻璃钢卡通动物雕塑玻璃钢瓜果雕塑加工宿州仿铜玻璃钢雕塑价格西安肇庆玻璃钢卡通雕塑江苏开业商场美陈价格新城玻璃钢雕塑砂岩雕塑和玻璃钢雕塑的区别铁西玻璃钢花盆花器广东玻璃钢雕塑艺术品深圳多彩玻璃钢雕塑定制商场开业美陈的重要性玻璃钢雕塑莲花指飞天仙女玻璃钢雕塑新乡北京玻璃钢面具雕塑阿拉尔玻璃钢雕塑定制萍乡创意玻璃钢雕塑优势呈贡玻璃钢大型雕塑设计哪里好昆山商场装饰美陈制作玻璃钢雕塑厂家2021商场新年美陈摆摊商丘不锈钢牛玻璃钢彩绘雕塑金昌人物玻璃钢雕塑订做百色玻璃钢泡沫雕塑价格驻马店玻璃钢人物雕塑滁州公园玻璃钢雕塑潜江玻璃钢牛雕塑内蒙古玻璃钢雕塑灯厂家香港通过《维护国家安全条例》两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账让美丽中国“从细节出发”19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警汪小菲曝离婚始末遭遇山火的松茸之乡雅江山火三名扑火人员牺牲系谣言何赛飞追着代拍打萧美琴窜访捷克 外交部回应卫健委通报少年有偿捐血浆16次猝死手机成瘾是影响睡眠质量重要因素高校汽车撞人致3死16伤 司机系学生315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了小米汽车超级工厂正式揭幕中国拥有亿元资产的家庭达13.3万户周杰伦一审败诉网易男孩8年未见母亲被告知被遗忘许家印被限制高消费饲养员用铁锨驱打大熊猫被辞退男子被猫抓伤后确诊“猫抓病”特朗普无法缴纳4.54亿美元罚金倪萍分享减重40斤方法联合利华开始重组张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?张立群任西安交通大学校长杨倩无缘巴黎奥运“重生之我在北大当嫡校长”黑马情侣提车了专访95后高颜值猪保姆考生莫言也上北大硕士复试名单了网友洛杉矶偶遇贾玲专家建议不必谈骨泥色变沉迷短剧的人就像掉进了杀猪盘奥巴马现身唐宁街 黑色着装引猜测七年后宇文玥被薅头发捞上岸事业单位女子向同事水杯投不明物质凯特王妃现身!外出购物视频曝光河南驻马店通报西平中学跳楼事件王树国卸任西安交大校长 师生送别恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴男子被流浪猫绊倒 投喂者赔24万房客欠租失踪 房东直发愁西双版纳热带植物园回应蜉蝣大爆发钱人豪晒法院裁定实锤抄袭外国人感慨凌晨的中国很安全胖东来员工每周单休无小长假白宫:哈马斯三号人物被杀测试车高速逃费 小米:已补缴老人退休金被冒领16年 金额超20万