Subsumption Theory

Epistemology / Knowledge based theory of instructional design by David Paul Ausubel Subsumption Theory Prepared by: SooPei Zhi P-QM0033/10 QIM 501 Instructional Design and Delivery

Biography

Introduction • During meaningful learning, the person “subsumes,” or organizes or incorporates, new knowledge into old knowledge. • Subsumption theory suggests that our mind has a way to subsume information in a hierarchical or categorical manner if the new information is linked/incorporated with prior knowledge/familiar patterns. • As a result prior knowledge is given absolute importance. • Teachers are encouraged to teach prior knowledge first rather than new information to help information subsume. • Advance organizers provide concepts and principles to the students directly in an organized format. • The strategy of “advance organizers” basically means to classify/ categorize/ arrange (organize) information as you proceed (advance) to the next complex level.

Principles

Purpose

Diagramatic Representation

The process of meaningful learning • Ausubel proposed four processes of meaningful learning: - Derivative subsumption - Correlative subsumption - Superordinate learning - Combinatorial learning

Derivative Subsumption • New material or relationships can be derived from the existing structure. Information can be moved in the hierarchy, or linked to other concepts or information to create new interpretations or meaning.

Correlative Subsumption • New material is an extension or elaboration of what is already known.

Superordinate learning • An individual is able to give a lot of examples of the concept but does not know the concept itself until it is taught.

Combinatorial learning • The first three learning processes all involve new information that "attaches" to a hierarchy at a level that is either below or above previously acquired knowledge. Combinatorial learning is different; it describes a process by which the new idea is derived from another idea that is neither higher nor lower in the hierarchy, but at the same level.

Advance organizer • Advance organizers are used to relate prior information to new concepts. • They are part of Ausubel'ssubsumption theory that "contends that meaningful learning and permanent retention of material is a function of the stability of existing anchoring ideas" (Applin). • Can be classified : expository or comparative.

Expository teaching • While presenting new material. • Use beginning of lesson. • Presents several encompassing generalizations where detailed contents will be added later.

Comparative teaching • Useful when the knowledge to be presented is new to learner. • Compares new material with knowledge already known by emphasizing the similarities between 2 types of material & showing the information that is to be learnt. • Ausubel’s teaching approach is deductive in nature.

Deductive Teaching Model

Conclusion • Ausubel’s theory is concerned with how individuals learn large amounts of meaningful material from verbal/ textual (lecture/ books) presentations in a school setting as opposed to theories developed based on experimental settings. • Therefore, learning is based upon the kinds of superordinate, representational, and combinatorial processes that occur during the presentation of information.

Reference • Ivie, Stanley D. “Ausubel’s Learning Theory: An Approach to Teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills,” High School Journal. Oct. 1998: Vol. 82,, i1, p.35. • Cooper, S. (2009). Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: David Ausubel: Meaningful Verbal Learning & Subsumption Theory. Retrieved on from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/ausubel.html • Goconstructivism, (2007). David P. Ausubel. Retrieved from http://goconstructivism.blogspot.com/2007/02/david-p-ausubel.html • Aziz, A, W. B., Razali, A. B., hasan, L. B. C., & Yunos, Y. A. B. M. (2009). Cognitive learning theories and its implication on science classroom teaching. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/niena17/learning-theory-by-ausubel • Kearsley, G. (2009). Subsumption Theory (D. Ausubel). Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org/ausubel.html

Subsumption Theory

Subsumption Theory

Presentation Transcript

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Logic-Based Subsumption Architecture & PERI