430 likes | 2.52k Views
Rhetorical Devices. How writers use language to influence the reader. Key Assessment Objective. AO2 (v) – understand and evaluate how writers use linguistic, structural and presentational devices You need to: Identify features of language
E N D
Rhetorical Devices How writers use language to influence the reader
Key Assessment Objective • AO2 (v) – understand and evaluate how writers use linguistic, structural and presentational devices • You need to: • Identify features of language • Explain how the writer uses these to influence the reader • Evaluate how successful this is
How this is assessed • Band 1 • Little detail / unfocused • Band 2 • General, descriptive answer / spots obvious devices • Band 3 • Explains use of language / range of examples • Band 4 • Detailed evaluation / structured answer
Rhetorical question • Definition • The writer will not expect you to answer this question – they suggest the answer for you • Effects • Draws the reader into the text • Introduces ideas / topics • Makes the reader think • Example • Should the UK leave the European Union?
Alliteration • Definition • Within a sentence, a series of words will begin with the same sound • Effects • Draws attention to the key words • Can be used to reinforce ideas / concepts • May be used for humorous effect • Example • Politics is probably pointless
Lists of 3 • Definition • Three nouns, adjectives or verbs will be used in a list within a sentence • Effects • The ‘magic 3’ fixes itself in the reader’s mind • Highlights important ideas • Example • School uniform, is uncomfortable, unattractive and unfashionable
Repetition • Definition • The technique of repeating the same word and phrase • Effects • Highlights key messages • Reinforces important points • Links different parts of the text • Example • Boring, boring, boring.
Personal involvement / anecdote • Definition • The writer incorporates aspects of their personal experience into the text – look for ‘I’ • Effects • Appeals to the reader – makes the writer seem more human or involved • Can be used for humour / pathos • Example • I was shocked to find that many children don’t know the National Anthem!
Audience involvement / direct address • Definition • The writer involves the reader by relating the subject to their lives • Look for ‘you’ / ‘we’ / ‘us’ / ‘our’ • Effects • Makes the reader care about the subject • Establishes a relationship between the reader and writer • The writing is less intimidating • Example • We all know how bad school dinners are!
Facts and statistics • Definition • Information and data, that can be proved to be true • Effects • There are a range of specific effects, including to shock, surprise, support the writer’s view etc • Example • 60% of the world’s population lives in poverty
Expert opinion / quotations • Definition • The knowledge of an expert is referred to by the writer • Effects • Can show an alternative point of view • The reader trusts what the writer is saying • Quotations are very persuasive • Example • Dr Martin believes that more needs to be done to improve the health of young people
Metaphor and simile • Definition • Types of imagery • Metaphor – one object is said to be the same as another • Simile – objects are compared to each other – look for ‘like’ or ‘as’ • Effects • Makes the writing more interesting and imaginative for the reader • Example • As dead as a dodo
Over-exaggeration • Definition • The writer uses superlatives and adjectives to make a situation seem much worse / better than it really is • Effects • Shows the writer’s strong feelings • Can be used in humorous or ironic ways • Example • Many schools have become like learning factories
Emotive language • Definition • Language that is used to create a particular emotional response in the reader • Effects • Can create strong feelings such as anger, guilt, joy, concern, empathy, hope etc • Involves the reader in the text • Example • This disastrous situation will only get worse unless we do something about it
Irony / sarcasm • Definition • Ideas are presented in a way that seems opposite to what is really meant • Effects • Creates humour • Can over-exaggerate a situation • Engages the reader on a personal level • Example • “What a lovely day” when it is pouring with rain
Formal / informal register • Definition • The level of formality within a piece of writing depends on the reader and intended effects. It is shown through the vocabulary and syntax used • Effects • Can make writing more authoritative, personal, appealing etc dependent on the register • Either involves the reader personally, or shows that the writer is more experienced • Example • Who would believe it?!
Parenthesis • Definition • Brackets, dashes or commas are used to separate phrases from the main sentence • Effects • Shows the writer’s personal views • Can be used to create irony or humour • Example • Most teenagers in the survey said they didn’t like homework (what a surprise!)
Pun • Definition • A joking use of a word sounding the same as another • Effects • Engages the reader’s attention through the use of humour • Can be used to highlight an important idea • Often an interesting way of starting a text e.g. a headline • Example • Deciding where to bury him was a grave decision
Combining techniques • Remember that writers will often combine several rhetorical devices within a section of text • E.g. Over 90% of us believe that Americans are dull-witted, dreary and docile (no surprise there then!) • Try to comment on the overall impact of this on the reader
Important advice • Use your reading time efficiently. If you know you have to write about the language in one of the texts, highlight key examples as you read it • You do not have to write about every device – it is better to evaluate three or four good examples than to simply ‘spot’ lots of them • Don’t forget to include these devices in your own writing in Section B!
A useful framework How effective is the writer’s use of language in persuading the reader to donate money to charity? • (P) The writer thinks that… (Band 1) • (E) He uses… when he says “…” (Band 2) • (E) The effect of this is… (Band 3) • (L) This supports the writers purpose because… (Band 4)
玻璃钢生产厂家赣州玻璃钢雕塑定制工业玻璃钢花盆设计厂家全新玻璃钢座椅雕塑重庆玻璃钢卡通雕塑图片浙江商业商场美陈生产企业湖北多彩玻璃钢雕塑批发信阳玻璃钢花盆巨型玻璃钢广场雕塑宁夏抽象人物玻璃钢雕塑价格浙江常见商场美陈市场陕西人物玻璃钢雕塑生产厂家商业街玻璃钢雕塑哪家好仙林十一商场美陈玻璃钢雕塑制作供应商湖州欧式玻璃钢雕塑玻璃钢孔子雕塑哪家值得信赖舒城玻璃钢花盆深圳树脂玻璃钢雕塑供应厂家浙江抽象玻璃钢雕塑定制雕塑玻璃钢设计玻璃钢花盆组合套装中山玻璃钢雕塑图片深圳艺术商场美陈大中庭商场美陈供应商成都商场美陈销售公司玻璃钢雕塑金属效果图福州玻璃钢树脂雕塑山西大型玻璃钢动物马雕塑定制宿迁玻璃钢人物雕塑定做价格卡通公仔玻璃钢雕塑香港通过《维护国家安全条例》两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账让美丽中国“从细节出发”19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警汪小菲曝离婚始末遭遇山火的松茸之乡雅江山火三名扑火人员牺牲系谣言何赛飞追着代拍打萧美琴窜访捷克 外交部回应卫健委通报少年有偿捐血浆16次猝死手机成瘾是影响睡眠质量重要因素高校汽车撞人致3死16伤 司机系学生315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了小米汽车超级工厂正式揭幕中国拥有亿元资产的家庭达13.3万户周杰伦一审败诉网易男孩8年未见母亲被告知被遗忘许家印被限制高消费饲养员用铁锨驱打大熊猫被辞退男子被猫抓伤后确诊“猫抓病”特朗普无法缴纳4.54亿美元罚金倪萍分享减重40斤方法联合利华开始重组张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?张立群任西安交通大学校长杨倩无缘巴黎奥运“重生之我在北大当嫡校长”黑马情侣提车了专访95后高颜值猪保姆考生莫言也上北大硕士复试名单了网友洛杉矶偶遇贾玲专家建议不必谈骨泥色变沉迷短剧的人就像掉进了杀猪盘奥巴马现身唐宁街 黑色着装引猜测七年后宇文玥被薅头发捞上岸事业单位女子向同事水杯投不明物质凯特王妃现身!外出购物视频曝光河南驻马店通报西平中学跳楼事件王树国卸任西安交大校长 师生送别恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴男子被流浪猫绊倒 投喂者赔24万房客欠租失踪 房东直发愁西双版纳热带植物园回应蜉蝣大爆发钱人豪晒法院裁定实锤抄袭外国人感慨凌晨的中国很安全胖东来员工每周单休无小长假白宫:哈马斯三号人物被杀测试车高速逃费 小米:已补缴老人退休金被冒领16年 金额超20万