Sterility tests
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This document discusses sterility testing methods according to various pharmacopoeias. It provides details on membrane filtration and direct inoculation methods for testing sterility of pharmaceutical products like injections and ophthalmic preparations. These methods are based on incubating the product samples in fluid thioglycollate medium and soybean-casein digest medium to check for microbial growth. Validation of sterility testing methods and interpretation of results are also covered.
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Sterility tests
- 1. K.LOHITHA PA/2016/106 National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Pharmacopoeial methods of Analysis
- 2. Sterility – Process of removing all viable forms of microorganisms. Sterility test – A test that critically assesses whether a sterilized pharmaceutical product is free from contaminating microorganisms. (or) Acc to IP – The sterility tests are intended for testing the absence of viable forms of microorganisms in or on the pharmacopeial preparations.
- 3. Products which are necessary to be sterilized : • Injections • Implants • Syringes • Ophthalmic preparations • Ointments & creams • Bandages • Surgical dressings & devices • needles
- 4. • These tests are based upon the principle that if micro- organisms (present in the sample) are placed in a medium which provides nutritive material and water, and kept at a favorable temperature, the organisms will grow and their presence can be indicated by a turbidity in the originally clear medium. • The interpretation of results is based on the assumption that the contents of every container in the batch, had they been tested, would also have given the same results. • Since every container cannot be tested, a sufficient number of containers should be examined to give a suitable degree of confidence in the results of the tests. PRINCIPLE
- 5. No. of containers in the batch Minimum no. of containers recommended to be tested 1.Parenteral preparations Not more than 100 containers 10% or 4 containers,whichever is greater More than 100 but NMT 500 containers 10 containers More than 500 containers 2% or 20 containers,whichever is les For large-volume parenterals 2% or 10 containers,whichever is less,unless otherwise justified and authorised 2.Ophthalmic and other non-parenteral preparations NMT 200 containers 5% or 2 containers,whichever is greater More than 200 containers 10 containers ACCORDING TO IP
- 6. No. of containers in the batch Minimum no. of containers recommended to be tested 3.Surgical dressings and devices Catgut, surgical sutures and other sterile medical devices for use 2% or 5 packages, whichever is greater, up to maximum of 20 packages NMT 100 Packages 10% or 4 packages, whichever is greater More than 100 but not more than 500 packages 10 packages More than 500 packages 2% or 20 packages, whichever is less 4.Bulk solids Upto 4 containers Each container More than 4 containers but NMT 50 containers 20% or 4 containers, whichever is greater More than 50 containers 2% or 10 containers, whichever is greater
- 7. ACCORDING TO IP
- 8. ACCORDING TO BP
- 9. ACCORDING TO BP
- 10. ACCORDING TO USP(same as IP)
- 11. ACCORDING TO USP(same as IP) except
- 12. Ingredients Qty Function L-Cystine 0.5g antioxidant NaCl 2.5g Isotnicity Dextrose 5.5g Reducing agent, carbon source Granular agar 0.75g Viscosity enhancer Yeast extract 5.0g Growth promoter Pancreatic digest of casein 15.0g Nitrogen source Sodium thioglycollate 0.5g Reducing agent Thioglycollic acid 0.3ml – Resazurin(0.1%) 1.0ml Oxidation-reduction indicator Distilled water 1000ml A. FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM CULTURE MEDIA (IP/USP/BP) → Primarily intended for the culture of aerobic & anaerobic bacteria
- 13. Ingredient Quantity Function Pancreatic digest of Casein 17g “C” , “N” & essential amino acids Pancreatic digest of Soya bean meal 3g “C”, “N” & essential amino acids Sodium chloride 5g Isotonicity Dibasic Potassium Phosphate 2.5g Reducing agent “C” source Distilled water 1000ml → It Contains no agar B. ALTERNATIVE THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM C. SOYABEAN CASEIN DIGEST MEDIUM → Suitable for culture of both fungi & aerobic bacteria
- 14. MEDIA SUITABILITY TEST Media is sterile Prior to test, make sure that : Media supports growth of microorganisms 2 components in Media suitability test : Media sterility test Growth Promotion test
- 15. MEDIA SUITABILITY TEST - ctnd
- 16. MEDIA SUITABILITY TEST - ctnd
- 17. ACCORDING TO IP
- 18. BP/USP
- 19. VALIDATION TEST(IP/BP/USP) Carry out a test as described below under Test for Sterility of the Product to be Examined using exactly the same methods, except for the following modifications. Membrane Filtration After transferring the content of the container or containers to be tested to the membrane, add an inoculum of a small number of viable microorganisms (not more than 100 cfu) to the final portion of sterile diluent used to rinse the filter. Direct Inoculation After transferring the contents of the container or containers to be tested to the culture medium, add an inoculum of a small number of viable microorganisms (not more than 100 CFU) to the medium
- 20. In both cases use the same microorganisms as those described above under Growth Promotion Test of Aerobes, Anaerobes, and Fungi. Perform a growth promotion test as a positive control. Incubate all the containers containing medium for not more than 5 days After incubation Ifclear growth is observed If clear growth is not observed Compare with control vessel without product Either product possess no anti microbial activity or such acticity is satisfactorily eliminated If product possess antimicrobial activity that hasn’t been satisfactorily eliminated Test for sterility can be carried out without further modification Modify the conditions in order to eliminate antimicrobial activity, and repeat the validation test Compare with control vessel without product
- 21. This validation is performed (a)when the test for sterility has to be carried out on a new product; and (b whenever there is a change in the experimental conditions of the test. The validation may be performed simultaneously with the Test for Sterility of the Product to be Examined VALIDATION TEST - ctnd
- 22. It is preferred where the substance under examination is : • An oil • An ointment that can be put into the solution • A non bacteriostatic solid not readily soluble in the culture medium. • A soluble powder or a liquid that possess inherent bacteriostatic or fungistatic properties. • For liquid products where the volume in a container is 100m1 or more. A. MEMBRANE FILTRATION
- 23. STERILE DILUENT BUFFERS
- 24. • A membrane has a nominal pore size not greater than 0.45μ and diameter of approximately 50mm. • This method basically involves filtration of Sample through membrane filters. PROCEDURE :
- 25. • The filtration is assisted under strict aseptic condition. After filtration gets completed, remove the membrane from the holder aseptically. • Cut into 2 halves. Place each half in a suitable volume (usually 100ml) of FTM and SCDM respectively and incubate. Incubation Period : at least 14 days incubation Temperature : 30-35° C for FTM 20-25 ° C for SCD
- 26. It is the more traditional sterility test method. Basically, it involves 3 steps: 1. Aseptically opening each sample container from a recently sterilized batch of product. 2. Using a sterile syringe and needle to withdraw the required volume of sample for both media from the container 3. Injecting one-half of the required volume sample into a test tube containing the required volume of FTM and the other half volume of sample into a second test tube containing the required volume of SCD and incubating both. B. DIRECT INNOCULATION
- 27. After the incubation and during the incubation period If growth is not observed If growth is observed Passes the test of sterility (preparation is sterile) Containers are reserved & re-test is performed as in the original test If growth is not observed (passes the test) If they are not readily distinguishable from those growing in containers reserved in the first test Preparation fails the test If growth is not observed Preparation passes the test INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS microorganisms are isolated & identified If growth is observed If they are readily distinguishable from those growing in containers reserved in the first test Second re-test is performed using twice the no. of samples If growth is observed Preparation fails the test
- 28. REFERENCES INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA2014, VOLUME 1(59-66) UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA 2013, VOLUME 1(71-76) BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA2009, VOLUME 4(Appendix XVI)