Disaster-Meaning.pptx
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The document discusses disasters and disaster risk. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity and risk. Disasters can be natural, caused by forces of nature like earthquakes, or human-made through events like explosions. Factors like the severity of exposure, gender, age, location in a developing country, and lack of social support can increase the risks of negative impacts from disasters like physical and mental health problems. Disasters can displace populations, increase health risks, cause food scarcity, and result in long-term emotional effects like post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Disaster-Meaning.pptx
- 1. Disaster and Disaster Risk
- 2. Introduction: • Every year, millions of people around the world are affected by either human-caused or natural disasters. Disasters take different forms, like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, flood, hurricanes, tornados, or fires. • In a disaster, people face the danger of death or physical injury. They may also lose their home, possessions, and community where they live in. Disasters can cause a full range of mental and physical reactions. Those affected may also react to problems that occur after the event, as well as to triggers or reminders of the trauma.
- 3. Terminologies: HAZARD -Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social & economic disruption or environmental damage... -Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon -It could be natural or human-induced.
- 4. Terminologies: EXPOSURE - The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitude
- 5. Terminologies: VULNERABILITY - Is the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. -This may arise from various physical, social, economic & environmental factors.
- 6. Terminologies: CAPACITY - Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk or effects of a disaster.
- 7. Terminologies: RISK - Is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its negative consequences... . R = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure) CAPACITY
- 8. What is Disaster? Disaster Risk? • Disaster - is defined as “a sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property”. - its origin can be natural, such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes, or of human origin, such as explosions, nuclear accidents and terrorist acts. • Disaster Risk - is defined as “the probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous area”.
- 9. Types of Disasters • Natural disasters - these originates from the different “forces” of nature (geological, meteorological, hydrometeorological and biological. Agricultural diseases and pests Storm Surge Drought and water shortage – El Niño Earthquakes Hurricanes and tropical storms Landslides and debris flow Tornadoes Tsunamis
- 10. Types of Disasters • Human-made and Technological Types of Disasters - these disasters occur due to people’s actions against human, material and environment. These include transport and industrial accidents Hazardous materials Power service disruption and blackout Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast Radiological emergencies Chemical threat and biological weapons Cyber attack Explosions Civil unrest
- 11. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters A number of factors make it more likely that those affected will have more severe or longer- lasting stress reactions after disasters.
- 12. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Severity of exposure - the amount of exposure to the disaster is highly related to risk of future mental problems. - at higher risk are those that go through the disaster themselves. -next are those in close contact with victims. - at lower risk of lasting impact are those who only had indirect exposure, such as news of the severe damage.
- 13. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Gender and family - Almost always, women or girls suffer more negative effects than do men or boys. - Disaster recovery is more stressful when children are present in the home. - Women with spouses also experience more distress during recovery.
- 14. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Age - adults who are in the age range of 40-60 are likely to be more distressed after disasters. - the thinking is that if one is in that age range, he/she has more demands from job and family. - in general, children show more severe distress after disasters than do adults. Higher stress in the parents is related to worse recovery in children.
- 15. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Developing countries - there is a strong body of evidence that these risk factors can be made worse if the disaster occurs in a developing country. - disasters in developing countries, like the Philippines, have more severe mental health impact than do disasters in developed countries.
- 16. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters Low or negative social support - the support of others can be both a risk and a resilience factor. Social support can weaken after disasters. This may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on with their own lives.
- 17. Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Life Displaced populations Health risks Food scarcity Emotional aftershocks -PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)