纳秒脉冲激光加工是一种高效的碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)加工方法,广泛应用于航空、医疗、汽车等制造领域。碳纤维的各向异性传热是降低激光加工 CFRP 表面完整性的关键因素。因此迫切需要探索激光与碳纤维复合材料相互作用的各向异性传热的重要机制。建立了考虑各向异性传热的新型数值模型来分析 CFRP 激光加工的传热和热损伤。通过仿真与实验对比,烧蚀深度和宽度的平均误差在4.71%~15.09%之间,该模型能够精确模拟CFRP激光加工。结果表明,沿轴向碳纤维的导热率高于沿径向的导热率,从而产生椭圆形烧蚀形貌。并且当激光扫描方向与碳纤维方向平行时,可以获得更深、更窄的微槽。此外,CFRP板边缘的激光加工会造成严重的热量积聚,导致严重的热损伤。通过仿真和实验探讨了激光能量、扫描速度、扫描间距等参数对激光烧蚀深度和宽度的影响。当激光能量作用时,获得了更深的微通道,加工表面光滑,热损伤小 并且当激光扫描方向与碳纤维方向平行时,可以获得更深、更窄的微槽。此外,CFRP板边缘的激光加工会造成严重的热量积聚,导致严重的热损伤。通过仿真和实验探讨了激光能量、扫描速度、扫描间距等参数对激光烧蚀深度和宽度的影响。当激光能量作用时,获得了更深的微通道,加工表面光滑,热损伤小 并且当激光扫描方向与碳纤维方向平行时,可以获得更深、更窄的微槽。此外,CFRP板边缘的激光加工会造成严重的热量积聚,导致严重的热损伤。通过仿真和实验探讨了激光能量、扫描速度、扫描间距等参数对激光烧蚀深度和宽度的影响。当激光能量作用时,获得了更深的微通道,加工表面光滑,热损伤小 扫描速度和扫描空间对激光烧蚀深度和宽度的影响。当激光能量作用时,获得了更深的微通道,加工表面光滑,热损伤小 扫描速度和扫描空间对激光烧蚀深度和宽度的影响。当激光能量作用时,获得了更深的微通道,加工表面光滑,热损伤小E = 0.275 mJ,扫描速度v = 630 mm/s,扫描空间h = 21 μm。
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Study on anisotropic heat transfer and thermal damage in nanosecond pulsed laser processing of CFRP
Nanosecond pulsed laser processing is an efficient method of processing carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP), which is widely used in the manufacturing field of aviation, medical, and auto industries. The anisotropic heat transfer of carbon fiber is a key factor degrading the surface integrity of laser processing CFRP. So it is urgent to explore the significant mechanism of anisotropic heat transfer of laser interacting with CFRP. A novel numerical model considering anisotropic heat transfer was established to analyze heat transfer and thermal damage of CFRP laser machining. By comparison of simulation and experiments, the average error of ablation depth and width ranges from 4.71% to 15.09%, so the model could precisely simulate the CFRP laser machining. It demonstrates that the heat conductivity along the axial carbon fiber is higher than that along the radial, resulting in an elliptical ablation morphology. And when the laser scanning direction is parallel to the direction of the carbon fiber, deeper and narrower microgrooves can be obtained. In addition, laser processing at the edge of the CFRP plate causes serious heat accumulation, leading to severe thermal damage. The simulation and experiments were conducted to explore the effect of parameters including laser energy, scanning speed, and scanning space on the depth and width of laser ablation. A deeper micro-channel with a smooth machined surface and small thermal damage was obtained when laser energy E = 0.275 mJ, scanning speed v = 630 mm/s, and scanning space h = 21 μm.