如何做石刻

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石刻是雕刻的一种。由于石头密度大，结构复杂，塑形困难，因此用石头雕刻与用其他材料雕刻是有所不同的。石刻既需要耐心，又需要有计划地进行，请看下文来学习石刻的技术吧。

步骤

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   1
   选择所用石材。

   • 不同的石头软硬程度不同。皂石和雪花石膏是雕刻中常见的软石，花岗岩和大理石是最坚硬的，而石灰石则软硬比较适中。所有这些石头在颜色、纹理及可抛光性方面都有差异。
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   2
   购买石刻工具箱。当地的艺术用品店或园艺公司一般都会出售这种工具箱。

   • 一套工具大约为600元。
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   3
   在工作台上放好沙袋（沙袋的大小要根据石头的大小来定），用以支撑石头。

   • 沙袋不仅能起到支撑的作用，来能防止石头裂开。
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   4
   构思如何雕刻。

   • 有了工具箱里各种大小形状不一的凿子，你就能尽情创造精美图案啦。
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   5
   在石头上用铅笔或蜡笔做好标记。你想刻怎样的形状，就用笔去标记吧。
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   6
   在石头上刻出几条平行的小槽。要用圆锯沿着标记好的框线刻。
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   7
   将尖头的凿子以45度角嵌入一条小槽。然后用最大的锤子敲打凿子。

   • 这样就能把两条小槽中间的石头凿掉了。
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   8
   沿着框线凿出一条凹边。沿边线凿一圈后，重复以上过程。

   • 沿着框线凿几圈后，你预先画好的形状就会慢慢显现出来了（当然具体的圈数要根据石头的大小而定）。
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   9
   细化。雕刻细节要用爪凿。

   • 用爪凿在凹槽处进一步深刻凿，使得高处显得更高，而地处更低。
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    10
    用齿凿修去毛糙。这种更加精密的凿子能够修去刻痕上的毛糙部分。
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    11
    用平凿修去齿凿留下的痕迹。
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    12
    用锉刀进一步加工细节。锉刀同时还能修去平凿留下的痕迹。
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    13
    用100号砂纸打磨石头。

    • 随后再依次用150号、200号及300号砂纸打磨，一直把石头打磨到你满意的程度为止。
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    14
    抛光表面。用碳化硅干/湿砂纸来擦拭整个表面。
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小提示

• 所用的凿子越小越精细，锤子也要越小。
• 你可以把旧牛仔裤剪掉、塞上沙子来自制沙袋。

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警告

• 在没有机器或旁人协助的情况下，千万不要独自去搬运特别重的石头。
• 雕刻时候要注意石头的纹理，如果逆着纹理刻，石头就可能裂开。
• 雕刻的时候，一定要戴好护目镜、防尘面具、皮手套及耳塞。

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你需要准备

• 石头
• 石刻工具箱（里面要有锤子及凿子）
• 沙袋
• 铅笔或蜡笔
• 圆锯
• 各种型号的砂纸
• 护目镜
• 防尘面具
• 皮手套
• 耳塞
• 碳化硅干/湿砂纸