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2023年初中英语语法：连系动词用法归纳
连系动词的分类及用法说明
连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，用干连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份等。它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。
一、连系动词的分类
连系动词根据其意义特点可分为以下几类:
(1)表示状态的，如 beseem，appear, keep, remain, stay, stand, lie, sit, continue等。
(2)表示变化的.如 become: get, turn, grow, go, come, fall, run 等。
(3)表示知觉的，如 look, feel, sound, smell.taste等。
(4)表结果的，如 prove, turn out等。
二、连系动词的用法说明
连系动词后通常跟名词或形容词作表语;有时也可跟代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等。如:
Helen became an electronic engineer.海伦成了一名电子工程师。(名词)
According to the weather report. the weather will continue fine till this weekend据天气预报到本周末天气仍然很好。(形容询
This is not something that money can buy.这可不是金钱能买到的。(代词)
Alice was the first to arrive. 艾和斯第一个到。(数词)
He will be away for two months.他将外出两个月。(副词)
That looks like an interesting film. 那看来是部有趣的电影。(介词短语)
The old man seems to have forgotten everything he learnt at school. 这们老人似乎把在学校里学的一切东西都忘光了。(不定式)
Their job was painting the boat.他们的工作是油漆小船。(动名词)
Gone is the one who held me dearest in the world.世界上最疼我的那个人去了。(过去分词)
Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更使人兴奋。(现在分词)
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around NewEngland fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。(从句)
注:副词通常不用作表语，少数能用作表语的副词主要仅于in.on.off.out.away.behind.up.down. over, through, around round. below. inside
outside 等少数副词小品词以及here.there.upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词。
连系动词的重要搭配及用法
(1)remain+名词/形容词/分词/介词短语等，如:
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
He's determined to remain lovely to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
Not so much remains to be done.没剩多少事需要做。
(2)keep fit身体健康/keep silent默不作声/keep quiet保持安静/keep calm/cool保持冷静/keep awake 保持清醒/keep open 不关门/keep fine 一直晴好，等。如:
He runs to keep fit. 他跑步为了保持健康。
-How are you keeping 你身体怎样
-I'm keeping well, thanks.很好，谢谢。
(3)fall asleep入睡/falli11病倒/fall silent不作声/fal1 lame变瘸/fall due到期/fall short缺乏，等。
(4)stay fine 保持晴朗，stay young 依然年轻，stay open 不关门，等。
(5)continue fine/cold/silent/angry/in office仍然晴好/继续寒冷/保持沉默一直生气继续执政，等。
(6) run dry 变干，run short 不够，run wild 无约束或荒芜，run cold 变冷，等。
中学英语语法复习--情态动词(must)
1.表示“必须”
可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句;用于否定句时，mustn’t 的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”，而不是“不必”。如:
You must keep it a secret. 这事你得保密。
You must not drive without a license.你不得无证开车。
注:对干must 开头一般疑回句，若要作否定回答，可用needn't，不用mustn't.
2.表示推测
意为“准是”、“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句用 can 代之。推测现在的情况，后接动词原形;推测正
在进行的情况，后接动词的进行式;推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成式。如:
You must know his address. 你一定知道他的地址。
You must be joking. 你准是在说笑话。
He must have arrived already.他一定已经到了。
3. must与 have to 的区别
一是强调重点不同:must 强调主观看法，have to 强调客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意;时态形式不同，must 只
有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去)，而 have to 可以根据使用多种时态形式:非谓语形式不同:have to 可以有
分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而 must 没有这些形式;否定式的意义不同:must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“一定不要”、“不介
许”;而 have to 的否定式 don't have to 意为“不必”(=needn't)。
4.有时表示“应该”或“偏偏”
You must say hello to her.你应当跟她打个招呼。
Must you make so much noise 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗
make 用作连系动词的用法
make 用作连系动词，主要用法如下:
1.表示“成为;变为;适合;胜任”等，主要指因为有某必需的特点而成为或适合干……，其后只能接名词作表语，不接形容词。如:
I'm sure you'll make a good soldier. 我相信你会成为一名好军人。
The hall will make a good theatre. 这礼堂适合演戏。
This coat will make a good present for my mother. 这件外套是给我母亲的一件好礼物。
She would have made an excellent teacher她本可以成为杰出的教师。
That will make a good ending to the book. 那就成了这本书很好的结尾。
2.表示“形成，组成”，主要指人或事物按某种方式形成某种冬形或样式，其后也只能接名词作表语，不接形容词。如:
Let's make a circle. 我们来围成一个圈。
A group of people made a circle around the Pentagon.一群人在五角大楼四周围成一圈。
Those seven bright stars make the shape ofa saucepan.那十颗明亮的星星构成一个长柄锅的形状。
3.表示“等于;合计为”， 其后也只能接名词作表语，不接形容词。如:
Two and two make four. 2加2得4。
12 and 12 make 24.12加12等于24。
A hundred pence make one pound.100便士为1镑。
There are nine people coming, plus me, which makes ten.九个人要来，加上我总共十个人。
Today's earthquake makes five since the beginning of the year今天的地震是今年以来的第五次。
有时还可在宾语后再接名词。如:
I've got 29 different teapots in my collection-if I buy this one that'll make it30.我已经收集了29个各式各样的茶壶--如果买下这个，就有30个了。
连系动词become,go,get,turn,grow,come用法比较
(1) become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。如:
become/get angry生气/famous成名/fat发胖/ill得病/old变老/well痊愈/deaf变聋/strong 变强 等等。如:
The travelers became / got thirsty. 旅客们渴了。
另外，become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。如:
It's getting/ becoming colder. 天气渐冷。
The noise of traffic is becoming a cause for concern.交通噪音已经开始引起人们的关注。
(2)go表示变化时，主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化;come表示变化时，则主要指向好的方面变化。如:
go bald/go deaf/ go hungry/ go mad / go wrong/go bad/etc 发秃/变聋/挨饿/变疯/变坏了变质,等。如:
The milk has gone sour. 这牛奶馊了。
Fish soon goes bad in hot day.天热时鱼坏得快。
The radio's gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。
The handle has come loose. 这个手柄松了。
The buttons came unfastened.扣子松开了。
That day her wish finally came true. 那一天，她的愿望终于实现了。
Everything will come right in the end.最终一切问题都会得到圆满解决。
另外，go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色，与tum用法相同。如:
His hair is going grey. 他的头发日见花白。
She went/turned a deathly shade of while when she heard the news. 他听到这个消息时吓得面无人色。
(3)grow 主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。如:
He is growing old. 他渐渐老了。
She grew pale. 她面色转为苍白。
It grew dark. 天色变暗了。
I grew / came to like the dog. 我渐渐喜欢上这条狗。
The pollution problem is growing serious.污染问题日见严峻。
(4) tun接名词作表语时，名词前通常不用冠词。become接名词作表语时，名词前通常用不定冠词。如:
He turned teacher after he graduated from a medical college.他从医学院毕业后当了老师。
His fascination for books and literature saw him become a best known author.对书籍与文学的迷恋使他成为了一位很有名望的作家。
另外，go，grow后还可接介词短语。如:
The boy grew up to be a great musician. 这男孩长大后成为一个伟大的音乐家。
They went out of fashion years ago.好多年前它们已不流行了。
连系动词seem,appear和look用法区别
三者均属于表示状态的来连系动词，都有“好像”、“似乎”的意思，区别如下:
(1seem 侧重指事实上似乎是那样的;look指视觉印象，指看起来似乎如此;appear 指从表面上看似乎如此，但有时并非如此。。如:
They seemed tired and unhappy when they got home. 他们回到家时看来很累，不高兴。
Be careful! The newly waxed floor looks very slippery.小心点!这新打蜡的地板看起来很滑。
She appears quite old.她显得很老。
(2)三者均可后接不定式，但 look之后一般只限于 to be(且较少见):
The man seems / appears / looks to be very tired. 那人好像很疲劳。
He seemed / appeared to have met her before. 他以前似乎见过她。
(3)三者均可用于 it开头的句子，且三者之后均可接从句。如:
It seemed/ as if/ though the day would never end.似乎白天永远也过不完。
It looked as if he had been ill. 他看起来像是生过病。
It seems / appears that he is very rich. 他似乎很富有。
为避免重复，appear和seem后接的 that 从句有时可用so或 not代替。如:
“Is he an honest man "“It seems/ appears so/not.”“他是诚实的人吗 ”“似乎是/不是。”
(4) look, seem 之后可接like短语，但 appear 之后一般不能:
You look like your father. 你看起来像你父亲。
It seemed like a disaster at the time,在当时就好像是一场灾难。
学习连系动词应注意的几个易错点
1.连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词。如:
误:I felt very nervously when I went into his office.当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张。
证:I felt very nervous when I went into his office
误:He was nicely to us.他对我们很友好。
:He was nice to us.
但是，少数表示地点或方位的副词如in.on.off.out.away behind.up.down.over. through, around. round. below, inside. outside以及 here. there. downstairs等常可跟在连系动词后作表语。如:
My husband won't be in until six o'clock.我丈夫要到六点钟才在家。
When we arrived the film was over. 当我们到达时，电影结束了。
The old lady was upstairs. 那位老妇人在楼上待过。
I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
2.连系动词后可接不定式作表语。
(1)连系动词be后可接不定式作表语。如:
My dream is to become the best footballer in the town.我的梦想是成为全城最好的足球队员。
A soldier's duty is to obey orders.军人以服从命令为天职。
If aman is to succeed. he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成功，必须尽可能地努力工作。
(2) seem.appear.prove.continue. get. e.turn out等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语，如:
I still seem to hear the music. 我还觉得音乐好像在我耳边萦绕。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。
Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. 两个月的婴儿看来不象是不肯下水的。
The plan turned out to be a failure. 这项计划结果归干失败。
For years her love life continued to be one long tragic and comic novel.多年来，她的爱情生活一直是一部既!自喜的长篇小说。
She has a hot temper, but you will soon grow to like her. 她脾气躁，但不久你就会喜欢她了。
【注】若不定式为to be时，通常可以省略。如:
The drug proved (to be) highly effective. 这种药证明是非常有效的。
(3)在表示知觉的连系动词 sound,smell,feel, taste, become等后通常不能接不定式。如:
误:They were all hungry and the food smelt to be good.
正:They were all hungry and the food smelt good. 他们都饿了，因而感到饭菜喷香。
误: This tea tastes to be sweet
正: This tea tastes sweet. 这茶的味道很香。

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